دورية أكاديمية
أعرض في EDS

Improving access to medicines by popularising generics: a study of 'India's People's Medicine' scheme in two districts of Maharashtra.

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: Improving access to medicines by popularising generics: a study of 'India's People's Medicine' scheme in two districts of Maharashtra.
المؤلفون: Lavtepatil S; School of Health Systems Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India., Ghosh S; Centre for Health Policy, Planning and Management, School of Health Systems Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India. soumitraiips@gmail.com.
المصدر: BMC health services research [BMC Health Serv Res] 2022 May 13; Vol. 22 (1), pp. 643. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 May 13.
نوع المنشور: Journal Article
اللغة: English
بيانات الدورية: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101088677 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1472-6963 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14726963 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Health Serv Res Subsets: MEDLINE
أسماء مطبوعة: Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2001-
مواضيع طبية MeSH: Drugs, Essential*, Drugs, Generic ; Health Services Accessibility ; Humans ; India ; Surveys and Questionnaires
مستخلص: Background: In spite of being the 'pharmacy of the world', access to essential medicines for a large majority of Indians is constrained by both physical and financial reasons. According to an estimate, medicines account for 69% of household out-of-pocket spending on health care. To make quality generic medicine affordable, India's People's Medicine Scheme (Jan Aushadhi) was launched in 2008 and then revamped and rebranded as Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Jan Ausadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP) in 2015. The current study focuses on the availability, affordability and acceptability aspects of PMBJP essential medicines.
Methods: We have used a mixed-methods approach, with the survey-based quantitative component supplemented by a qualitative component consisting of in-depth interviews (IDIs). The survey was conducted in 11 PMBJP pharmacies in Mumbai and Palghar. Data were gathered on the availability, stock-outs, price and affordability of 35 essential medicines and 2 consumables.
Results: Apart from the limited coverage of essential medicines and the significant presence of Fixed dose combinations (FDCs) in the PMBJP medicine list, the availability of surveyed essential drugs was also found to be low (47%) in PMBJP outlets. Across Mumbai and Palghar districts, around 50% and 42% of medicines were found to be out of stock for the period of 3-6 months respectively. The cost of generic medicines of PMBJP outlets for treating various conditions range from 0.01 days' wages to 0.47 days' wages for the lowest paid unskilled worker in Maharashtra.
Conclusions: The study findings show that PMBJP's unbranded generics offer great opportunities for substantial cost savings. But, in order to fully realise the potential of this scheme, some policy actions are urgently required. First, the PMBJP drug list must include all essential drugs that feature in NLEM. Second, BPPI should procure only those drugs that pass the bioequivalence test. Third, compulsory de-branding of generics should be done in a phased manner. Fourth, PMBJP's medicine procurement and distribution policies must be reviewed to address the supply chain issues. Moreover, there is a need for major pharmaceutical policy reforms to promote generic medicines in a big way. Regulations to support mandatory generic prescribing and generic substitution by pharmacists are needed.
(© 2022. The Author(s).)
References: Lancet Glob Health. 2016 Aug;4(8):e521. (PMID: 27443777)
Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2019 Oct;17(5):641-654. (PMID: 31093937)
PLoS One. 2014 Feb 12;9(2):e87576. (PMID: 24533058)
Bull World Health Organ. 2007 Apr;85(4):279-88. (PMID: 17546309)
Health Policy Plan. 2019 Dec 1;34(Supplement_3):iii1-iii3. (PMID: 31816069)
Ann Saudi Med. 2009 Jan-Feb;29(1):24-9. (PMID: 19139616)
Lancet. 2017 Jan 28;389(10067):403-476. (PMID: 27832874)
BMC Health Serv Res. 2011 Jan 26;11:17. (PMID: 21269426)
BMJ Open. 2018 May 31;8(5):e018020. (PMID: 29858403)
Health Policy. 2010 May;95(2-3):229-35. (PMID: 20044165)
Health Policy. 2011 Feb;99(2):139-48. (PMID: 20732723)
Int J Clin Pract. 2021 Aug;75(8):e14284. (PMID: 33914404)
J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2017 Jul-Sep;8(3):134-136. (PMID: 29081624)
BMC Health Serv Res. 2013 Oct 05;13:390. (PMID: 24093493)
Saudi Pharm J. 2014 Dec;22(6):491-503. (PMID: 25561861)
J Family Med Prim Care. 2018 Jan-Feb;7(1):152-156. (PMID: 29915750)
Health Policy. 2011 Jul;101(2):178-84. (PMID: 21094558)
Indian J Med Res. 2018 May;147(5):442-444. (PMID: 30082567)
Indian J Pharmacol. 2016 Jul-Aug;48(4):347-349. (PMID: 27756941)
J Med Assoc Thai. 2012 Apr;95(4):519-25. (PMID: 22612005)
فهرسة مساهمة: Keywords: Access; Affordability of generic medicine; Essential medicine list; Essential medicines; India; Perception about generics; Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Jan Ausadhi Pariyojana
المشرفين على المادة: 0 (Drugs, Essential)
0 (Drugs, Generic)
تواريخ الأحداث: Date Created: 20220513 Date Completed: 20220517 Latest Revision: 20220716
رمز التحديث: 20240513
مُعرف محوري في PubMed: PMC9107149
DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08022-1
PMID: 35562697
قاعدة البيانات: MEDLINE
الوصف
تدمد:1472-6963
DOI:10.1186/s12913-022-08022-1