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Top-down regulation of hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) in its native range in the Pacific Northwest of North America.

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: Top-down regulation of hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) in its native range in the Pacific Northwest of North America.
المؤلفون: Crandall RS; Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA. rcrandall@umass.edu., Lombardo JA; Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.; Department of Biology, Hood College, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA., Elkinton JS; Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
المصدر: Oecologia [Oecologia] 2022 Jul; Vol. 199 (3), pp. 599-609. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jul 07.
نوع المنشور: Journal Article
اللغة: English
بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 0150372 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1432-1939 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00298549 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Oecologia Subsets: MEDLINE
أسماء مطبوعة: Original Publication: Berlin ; New York, Springer.
مواضيع طبية MeSH: Hemiptera*/physiology , Hemlock*, Animals ; Down-Regulation ; Northwestern United States ; Tsuga/physiology
مستخلص: The density of insect herbivores is regulated by top-down factors (e.g., natural enemies), bottom-up effects (e.g., plant defenses against herbivory), or a combination of both. As such, understanding the relative importance of these factors can have important implications for the establishment of effective management options for invasive species. Here, we compared the relative importance of top-down and bottom-up factors on the abundance of hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), Adelges tsugae. HWA is invasive in eastern North America, but its native range includes the Pacific Northwest of North America where it has co-evolved with western hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla. Eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis, can also be found planted in city and park settings in the Pacific Northwest and the presence of both host species allowed us to directly compare the importance of predators (top-down) and host plant resistance (bottom-up) on HWA abundance by placing mesh exclusion bags on branches of both species and monitoring HWA abundance over two years. We found no evidence for bottom-up control of HWA on western hemlock (a native host). HWA established more readily on that species than on eastern hemlock on which it is a major pest in eastern North America. We found strong evidence for top-down control in that both summer and winter-active predators significantly reduced HWA densities on the branches of both tree species where predators were allowed access. These findings support the validity of the biological control program for HWA, the goal of which is to reduce outbreak populations of HWA in eastern North America.
(© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
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معلومات مُعتمدة: 14-CA-11420004-181 U.S. Forest Service
فهرسة مساهمة: Keywords: Artificial infestation; Insect predators; Predator exclusion; Tsuga canadensis; Tsuga heterophylla
تواريخ الأحداث: Date Created: 20220707 Date Completed: 20220726 Latest Revision: 20220726
رمز التحديث: 20240628
DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05214-8
PMID: 35796819
قاعدة البيانات: MEDLINE
الوصف
تدمد:1432-1939
DOI:10.1007/s00442-022-05214-8