دورية أكاديمية
أعرض في EDS

Management of ocular arterial ischemic diseases: a review.

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: Management of ocular arterial ischemic diseases: a review.
المؤلفون: Vilares-Morgado R; Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. vilaresmorgador@gmail.com.; Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. vilaresmorgador@gmail.com.; Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal. vilaresmorgador@gmail.com., Nunes HMM; Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Dos Reis RS; Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal.; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.; Departamento de Neurociências Clínicas e Saúde Mental, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Barbosa-Breda J; Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal.; KULeuven, Research Group Ophthalmology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium.
المصدر: Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie [Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol] 2023 Jan; Vol. 261 (1), pp. 1-22. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jul 15.
نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Review; Systematic Review
اللغة: English
بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Springer-Verlag Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 8205248 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1435-702X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0721832X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol Subsets: MEDLINE
أسماء مطبوعة: Original Publication: Berlin ; New York : Springer-Verlag, c1982-
مواضيع طبية MeSH: Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic*/diagnosis , Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic*/etiology , Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic*/therapy , Retinal Artery Occlusion*/diagnosis , Retinal Artery Occlusion*/therapy, Humans ; Eye ; Ischemia/diagnosis ; Ischemia/etiology ; Ischemia/therapy ; Vision Disorders/etiology
مستخلص: Purpose: To summarize the existing treatment options regarding central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO), arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AAION), non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), and ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS), proposing an approach to manage and treat these patients.
Methods: A systematic literature search of articles published since 1st January 2010 until 31st December 2020 was conducted using MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science. Exclusion criteria included case reports, non-English references, articles not conducted in humans, and articles not including diagnostic or therapeutic options. Further references were gathered through citation tracking, by hand search of the reference lists of included studies, as well as topic-related European society guidelines.
Results: Acute ocular ischemia, with consequent visual loss, has a variety of causes and clinical presentations, with prognosis depending on an accurate diagnosis and timely therapeutic implementation. Unfortunately, most of the addressed entities do not have a standardized management, especially regarding their treatment, which often lacks good quality evidence on whether it should or not be used to treat patients.
Conclusion: Ophthalmologic signs and symptoms may be a warning sign of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events, namely stroke. Most causes of acute ocular ischemia do not have a standardized management, especially regarding their treatment. Timely intervention is essential to improve the visual, and possibly vital, prognosis. Awareness must be raised among non-ophthalmologist clinicians that might encounter these patients. Further research should focus on assessing the benefit of the management strategies already being employed .
(© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
References: Fieß A, Cal Ö, Kehrein S, Halstenberg S, Frisch I, Steinhorst UH (2014) Anterior chamber paracentesis after central retinal artery occlusion: a tenable therapy? BMC Ophthalmol 14:28. (PMID: 10.1186/1471-2415-14-28)
Lavallée PC, Cabrejo L, Labreuche J, Mazighi M, Meseguer E, Guidoux C et al (2013) Spectrum of transient visual symptoms in a transient ischemic attack cohort. Stroke 44(12):3312–3317. (PMID: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.002420)
Avery MB, Magal I, Kherani A, Mitha AP (2019) Risk of stroke in patients with ocular arterial occlusive disorders: a retrospective Canadian study. J Am Heart Assoc 8(3):e010509. (PMID: 10.1161/JAHA.118.010509)
Zarkali A, Cheng SF, Dados A, Simister R, Chandratheva A (2018) Undertreatment of vascular risk factors in patients with monocular ischaemic visual loss. Cerebrovasc Dis 45(5–6):228–235. (PMID: 10.1159/000489567)
Rudkin AK, Lee AW, Aldrich E, Miller NR, Chen CS (2010) Clinical characteristics and outcome of current standard management of central retinal artery occlusion. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 38(5):496–501. (PMID: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2010.02280.x)
Kang EY, Lin YH, Wang NK, Yeung L, Luo C, Wu WC et al (2019) Aspirin use in central retinal arterial occlusion to prevent ischaemic stroke: a retrospective cohort study in Taiwan. BMJ Open 9(2):e025455. (PMID: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025455)
Lauda F, Neugebauer H, Reiber L, Jüttler E (2015) Acute silent brain infarction in monocular visual loss of ischemic origin. Cerebrovasc Dis 40(3–4):151–156. (PMID: 10.1159/000437274)
Uhr JH, Mishra K, Wei C, Wu AY (2016) Awareness and knowledge of emergent ophthalmic disease among patients in an internal medicine clinic. JAMA Ophthalmol 134(4):424–431. (PMID: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.6212)
Eckstein HH (2018) European society for vascular surgery guidelines on the management of atherosclerotic carotid and vertebral artery disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 55(1):1–2. (PMID: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2017.06.026)
Hayreh SS (2014) Ocular vascular occlusive disorders: natural history of visual outcome. Prog Retin Eye Res 41:1–25. (PMID: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2014.04.001)
Chen CS, Lee AW, Campbell B, Lee T, Paine M, Fraser C et al (2011) Efficacy of intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator in central retinal artery occlusion: report from a randomized, controlled trial. Stroke 42(8):2229–2234. (PMID: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.613653)
Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB (2007) Fundus changes in central retinal artery occlusion. Retina 27(3):276–289. (PMID: 10.1097/01.iae.0000238095.97104.9b)
Tobalem S, Schutz JS, Chronopoulos A (2018) Central retinal artery occlusion - rethinking retinal survival time. BMC Ophthalmol 18(1):101. (PMID: 10.1186/s12886-018-0768-4)
Panozzo G, Casati S, Gusson E (2012) Optical coherence tomography findings in acute and chronic retinal artery occlusion. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 53(14):970.  https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2350358.
Furashova O, Matthé E (2017) Retinal changes in different grades of retinal artery occlusion: an optical coherence tomography study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 58(12):5209–5216. (PMID: 10.1167/iovs.17-22411)
Falkenberry SM, Ip MS, Blodi BA, Gunther JB (2006) Optical coherence tomography findings in central retinal artery occlusion. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 37(6):502–505. (PMID: 10.3928/15428877-20061101-12)
Mir TA, Arham AZ, Fang W, Alqahtani F, Alkhouli M, Gallo J et al (2019) Acute vascular ischemic events in patients with central retinal artery occlusion in the United States: a nationwide study 2003–2014. Am J Ophthalmol 200:179–186. (PMID: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.01.009)
Shaikh IS, Elsamna ST, Zarbin MA, Bhagat N (2020) Assessing the risk of stroke development following retinal artery occlusion. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 29(9):105002. (PMID: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105002)
Hong J-H, Sohn S-I, Kwak J, Yoo J, Ahn SJ, Woo SJ, et al. (2017) Retinal artery occlusion and associated recurrent vascular risk with underlying etiologies. PLoS One. 12(6):e0177663-e.
Abel AS, Suresh S, Hussein HM, Carpenter AF, Montezuma SR, Lee MS (2017) Practice patterns after acute embolic retinal artery occlusion. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 6(1):37–39.
Wu X, Chen S, Li S, Zhang J, Luan D, Zhao S et al (2018) Oxygen therapy in patients with retinal artery occlusion: a meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 13(8):e0202154. (PMID: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202154)
Man V, Hecht I, Talitman M, Hilely A, Midlij M, Burgansky-Eliash Z et al (2017) Treatment of retinal artery occlusion using transluminal Nd:YAG laser: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 255(10):1869–1877. (PMID: 10.1007/s00417-017-3777-8)
Hadanny A, Maliar A, Fishlev G, Bechor Y, Bergan J, Friedman M et al (2016) Reversibility of retinal ischemia due to central retinal artery occlusion by hyperbaric oxygen. Clin Ophthalmol 11:115–125. (PMID: 10.2147/OPTH.S121307)
Menzel-Severing J, Siekmann U, Weinberger A, Roessler G, Walter P, Mazinani B (2012) Early hyperbaric oxygen treatment for nonarteritic central retinal artery obstruction. Am J Ophthalmol 153(3):454–9.e2. (PMID: 10.1016/j.ajo.2011.08.009)
Schumacher M, Schmidt D, Jurklies B, Gall C, Wanke I, Schmoor C et al (2010) Central retinal artery occlusion: local intra-arterial fibrinolysis versus conservative treatment, a multicenter randomized trial. Ophthalmology 117(7):1367–75.e1. (PMID: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.03.061)
Ahn SJ, Kim JM, Hong JH, Woo SJ, Ahn J, Park KH et al (2013) Efficacy and safety of intra-arterial thrombolysis in central retinal artery occlusion. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 54(12):7746–7755. (PMID: 10.1167/iovs.13-12952)
Schrag M, Youn T, Schindler J, Kirshner H, Greer D (2015) Intravenous fibrinolytic therapy in central retinal artery occlusion: a patient-level meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol 72(10):1148–1154. (PMID: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.1578)
Atebara NH, Brown GC, Cater J. (1995) Efficacy of anterior chamber paracentesis and carbogen in treating acute nonarteritic central retinal artery occlusion. Ophthalmology. 102(12):2029–34; discussion 34–5.
Noble J, Weizblit N, Baerlocher MO, Eng KT (2008) Intra-arterial thrombolysis for central retinal artery occlusion: a systematic review. Br J Ophthalmol 92(5):588–593. (PMID: 10.1136/bjo.2007.133488)
Tripathy K, Patel BC (2021) Cherry Red Spot. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing Copyright © 2021, StatPearls Publishing LLC.
Mac Grory B, Nackenoff A, Poli S, Spitzer MS, Nedelmann M, Guillon B et al (2020) Intravenous fibrinolysis for central retinal artery occlusion: a cohort study and updated patient-level meta-analysis. Stroke 51(7):2018–2025. (PMID: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.028743)
Ortega MA, Fraile-Martinez O, García-Montero C, Callejón-Peláez E, Sáez MA, Álvarez-Mon MA, García-Honduvilla N, Monserrat J, Álvarez-Mon M, Bujan J, Canals ML (2021) A general overview on the hyperbaric oxygen therapy: applications, mechanisms and translational opportunities. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) 57(9):864.  https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57090864.
Schmidt I, Walter P, Siekmann U, Plange N, Koutsonas A, Mazinani BE et al (2020) Development of visual acuity under hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBO) in non arteritic retinal branch artery occlusion. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 258(2):303–310. (PMID: 10.1007/s00417-019-04568-9)
Mason JO 3rd, Shah AA, Vail RS, Nixon PA, Ready EL, Kimble JA (2008) Branch retinal artery occlusion: visual prognosis. Am J Ophthalmol 146(3):455–457. (PMID: 10.1016/j.ajo.2008.05.009)
García-Arumí J, Martinez-Castillo V, Boixadera A, Fonollosa A, Corcostegui B (2006) Surgical embolus removal in retinal artery occlusion. Br J Ophthalmol 90(10):1252–1255. (PMID: 10.1136/bjo.2006.097642)
Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB (2005) Central retinal artery occlusion: visual outcome. Am J Ophthalmol 140(3):376–391. (PMID: 10.1016/j.ajo.2005.03.038)
Fallico M, Lotery AJ, Longo A, Avitabile T, Bonfiglio V, Russo A et al (2020) Risk of acute stroke in patients with retinal artery occlusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eye (Lond) 34(4):683–689. (PMID: 10.1038/s41433-019-0576-y)
Dammacco R, Alessio G, Giancipoli E, Leone P, Cirulli A, Resta L et al (2020) Giant cell arteritis: the experience of two collaborative referral centers and an overview of disease pathogenesis and therapeutic advancements. Clin Ophthalmol 14:775–793. (PMID: 10.2147/OPTH.S243203)
Chen JJ, Leavitt JA, Fang C, Crowson CS, Matteson EL, Warrington KJ (2016) Evaluating the incidence of arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy and other causes of vision loss from giant cell arteritis. Ophthalmology 123(9):1999–2003. (PMID: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.05.008)
Liozon E, Dalmay F, Lalloue F, Gondran G, Bezanahary H, Fauchais AL et al (2016) Risk factors for permanent visual loss in biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis: a study of 339 patients. J Rheumatol 43(7):1393–1399. (PMID: 10.3899/jrheum.151135)
Danesh-Meyer H, Savino PJ, Gamble GG (2005) Poor prognosis of visual outcome after visual loss from giant cell arteritis. Ophthalmology 112(6):1098–1103. (PMID: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.01.036)
Berger CT, Wolbers M, Meyer P, Daikeler T, Hess C (2009) High incidence of severe ischaemic complications in patients with giant cell arteritis irrespective of platelet count and size, and platelet inhibition. Rheumatology (Oxford) 48(3):258–261. (PMID: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken480)
Jonasson F, Cullen JF, Elton RA. (1979) Temporal arteritis. A 14-year epidemiological, clinical and prognostic study. Scott Med J. 24(2):111–7.
Hayreh SS (2009) Ischemic optic neuropathy. Prog Retin Eye Res 28(1):34–62. (PMID: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2008.11.002)
Fard M, Ghahvehchian H, Subramanian P (2019) Optical coherence tomography in ischemic optic neuropathy. Annals of Eye Science 5.  https://aes.amegroups.com/article/view/5135/html.
Balducci N, Morara M, Veronese C, Barboni P, Casadei NL, Savini G et al (2017) Optical coherence tomography angiography in acute arteritic and non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 255(11):2255–2261. (PMID: 10.1007/s00417-017-3774-y)
Hayreh SS, Podhajsky PA, Raman R, Zimmerman B (1997) Giant cell arteritis: validity and reliability of various diagnostic criteria. Am J Ophthalmol 123(3):285–296. (PMID: 10.1016/S0002-9394(14)70123-0)
Rinagel M, Chatelus E, Jousse-Joulin S, Sibilia J, Gottenberg JE, Chasset F et al (2019) Diagnostic performance of temporal artery ultrasound for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Autoimmun Rev 18(1):56–61. (PMID: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.07.012)
Skoog J, Svensson C, Eriksson P, Sjöwall C, Zachrisson H (2021) The diagnostic performance of an extended ultrasound protocol in patients with clinically suspected giant cell arteritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 8:807996. (PMID: 10.3389/fmed.2021.807996)
Dasgupta B, Borg FA, Hassan N, Alexander L, Barraclough K, Bourke B et al (2010) BSR and BHPR guidelines for the management of giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 49(8):1594–1597. (PMID: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq039a)
Tehrani R, Ostrowski RA, Hariman R, Jay WM (2009) Giant cell arteritis: oral versus intravenous corticosteroids. Neuro-Ophthalmology 33(1–2):5–9. (PMID: 10.1080/01658100802716754)
Mazlumzadeh M, Hunder GG, Easley KA, Calamia KT, Matteson EL, Griffing WL et al (2006) Treatment of giant cell arteritis using induction therapy with high-dose glucocorticoids: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized prospective clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum 54(10):3310–3318. (PMID: 10.1002/art.22163)
Chevalet P, Barrier JH, Pottier P, Magadur-Joly G, Pottier MA, Hamidou M et al (2000) A randomized, multicenter, controlled trial using intravenous pulses of methylprednisolone in the initial treatment of simple forms of giant cell arteritis: a one year followup study of 164 patients. J Rheumatol 27(6):1484–1491.
Chan CCK, Paine M, Day J (2001) Steroid management in giant cell arteritis. Br J Ophthalmol 85(9):1061. (PMID: 10.1136/bjo.85.9.1061)
Hayreh SS, Zimmerman B (2003) Visual deterioration in giant cell arteritis patients while on high doses of corticosteroid therapy. Ophthalmology 110(6):1204–1215. (PMID: 10.1016/S0161-6420(03)00228-8)
Kinori M, Ben-Bassat I, Wasserzug Y, Chetrit A, Huna-Baron R (2014) Visual outcome of mega-dose intravenous corticosteroid treatment in non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy - retrospective analysis. BMC Ophthalmol 14:62. (PMID: 10.1186/1471-2415-14-62)
Rebolleda G, Pérez-López M, Casas LP, Contreras I, Muñoz-Negrete FJ (2013) Visual and anatomical outcomes of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy with high-dose systemic corticosteroids. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 251(1):255–260. (PMID: 10.1007/s00417-012-1995-7)
Pakravan M, Sanjari N, Esfandiari H, Pakravan P, Yaseri M (2016) The effect of high-dose steroids, and normobaric oxygen therapy, on recent onset non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: a randomized clinical trial. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 254(10):2043–2048. (PMID: 10.1007/s00417-016-3451-6)
Proven A, Gabriel SE, Orces C, O’Fallon WM, Hunder GG (2003) Glucocorticoid therapy in giant cell arteritis: duration and adverse outcomes. Arthritis Rheum 49(5):703–708. (PMID: 10.1002/art.11388)
Villiger PM, Adler S, Kuchen S, Wermelinger F, Dan D, Fiege V et al (2016) Tocilizumab for induction and maintenance of remission in giant cell arteritis: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 387(10031):1921–1927. (PMID: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00560-2)
Stone JH, Tuckwell K, Dimonaco S, Klearman M, Aringer M, Blockmans D et al (2017) Trial of tocilizumab in giant-cell arteritis. N Engl J Med 377(4):317–328. (PMID: 10.1056/NEJMoa1613849)
Langford CA, Cuthbertson D, Ytterberg SR, Khalidi N, Monach PA, Carette S et al (2017) A randomized, double-blind trial of abatacept (CTLA-4Ig) for the treatment of giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 69(4):837–845. (PMID: 10.1002/art.40044)
Hoffman GS, Cid MC, Hellmann DB, Guillevin L, Stone JH, Schousboe J et al (2002) A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of adjuvant methotrexate treatment for giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Rheum 46(5):1309–1318. (PMID: 10.1002/art.10262)
Jover JA, Hernández-García C, Morado IC, Vargas E, Bañares A, Fernández-Gutiérrez B (2001) Combined treatment of giant-cell arteritis with methotrexate and prednisone: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 134(2):106–114. (PMID: 10.7326/0003-4819-134-2-200101160-00010)
Spiera RF, Mitnick HJ, Kupersmith M, Richmond M, Spiera H, Peterson MG et al (2001) A prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial of methotrexate in the treatment of giant cell arteritis (GCA). Clin Exp Rheumatol 19(5):495–501.
Lyttle DP, Johnson LN, Margolin EA, Madsen RW (2016) Levodopa as a possible treatment of visual loss in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 254(4):757–764. (PMID: 10.1007/s00417-015-3191-z)
Modarres M, Falavarjani KG, Nazari H, Sanjari MS, Aghamohammadi F, Homaii M et al (2011) Intravitreal erythropoietin injection for the treatment of non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. Br J Ophthalmol 95(7):992–995. (PMID: 10.1136/bjo.2010.191627)
Lin L, Zhu W, Ma N, Lin X, Yang H (2020) Evaluation of enhanced external counterpulsation therapy for nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. BMC Ophthalmol 20(1):236. (PMID: 10.1186/s12886-020-01509-7)
Bienert M, Plange N, Remky A, Arend KO, Kuerten D (2018) Acute effect of hypervolemic hemodilution on retrobulbar hemodynamics in anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Biomed Res Int 2018:4756313. (PMID: 10.1155/2018/4756313)
Parisi V, Barbano L, Di Renzo A, Coppola G, Ziccardi L (2019) Neuroenhancement and neuroprotection by oral solution citicoline in non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy as a model of neurodegeneration: a randomized pilot study. PLoS ONE 14(7):e0220435. (PMID: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220435)
Zhu W, Liao R, Chen Y, Liu L, Zhang Y (2015) Effect of enhanced extracorporeal counterpulsation in patients with non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 253(1):127–133. (PMID: 10.1007/s00417-014-2823-z)
Pakravan M, Esfandiari H, Hassanpour K, Razavi S, Pakravan P (2017) The effect of combined systemic erythropoietin and steroid on non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: a prospective study. Curr Eye Res 42(7):1079–1084. (PMID: 10.1080/02713683.2016.1270328)
Perner A, Haase N, Guttormsen AB, Tenhunen J, Klemenzson G, Åneman A, et al. (2012) Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.42 versus Ringer’s acetate in severe sepsis. N Engl J Med. 367(2):124–34.
Myburgh JA, Finfer S, Bellomo R, Billot L, Cass A, Gattas D et al (2012) Hydroxyethyl starch or saline for fluid resuscitation in intensive care. N Engl J Med 367(20):1901–1911. (PMID: 10.1056/NEJMoa1209759)
Werner D, Michalk F, Harazny J, Hugo C, Daniel WG, Michelson G (2004) Accelerated reperfusion of poorly perfused retinal areas in central retinal artery occlusion and branch retinal artery occlusion after a short treatment with enhanced external counterpulsation. Retina 24(4):541–547. (PMID: 10.1097/00006982-200408000-00006)
Linnemeier G, Rutter MK, Barsness G, Kennard ED, Nesto RW (2003) Enhanced external counterpulsation for the relief of angina in patients with diabetes: safety, efficacy and 1-year clinical outcomes. Am Heart J 146(3):453–458. (PMID: 10.1016/S0002-8703(03)00251-5)
Nikkhah H, Golalipour M, Doozandeh A, Pakravan M, Yaseri M, Esfandiari H (2020) The effect of systemic erythropoietin and oral prednisolone on recent-onset non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: a randomized clinical trial. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 258(10):2291–2297. (PMID: 10.1007/s00417-020-04781-x)
Hayreh SS (2011) Acute retinal arterial occlusive disorders. Prog Retin Eye Res 30(5):359–394. (PMID: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2011.05.001)
Terelak-Borys B, Skonieczna K, Grabska-Liberek I. (2012) Ocular ischemic syndrome—a systematic review. Med Sci Monit. 18(8):Ra138–44.
Johansson E, Cuadrado-Godia E, Hayden D, Bjellerup J, Ois A, Roquer J et al (2016) Recurrent stroke in symptomatic carotid stenosis awaiting revascularization: a pooled analysis. Neurology 86(6):498–504. (PMID: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000002354)
De Schryver EL, Algra A, Donders RC, van Gijn J, Kappelle LJ (2006) Type of stroke after transient monocular blindness or retinal infarction of presumed arterial origin. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 77(6):734–738. (PMID: 10.1136/jnnp.2005.085613)
Faateh M, Dakour-Aridi H, Kuo PL, Locham S, Rizwan M, Malas MB (2019) Risk of emergent carotid endarterectomy varies by type of presenting symptoms. J Vasc Surg 70(1):130–7.e1. (PMID: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.10.064)
Cheng SF, Zarkali A, Richards T, Simister R, Chandratheva A (2019) Carotid artery stenosis, an underestimated cause of stroke recurrence in patients with ischaemic monocular visual loss. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 101(8):579–583. (PMID: 10.1308/rcsann.2019.0071)
Lichtman JH, Jones MR, Leifheit EC, Sheffet AJ, Howard G, Lal BK et al (2017) Carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery stenting in the US Medicare population, 1999–2014. JAMA 318(11):1035–1046. (PMID: 10.1001/jama.2017.12882)
Barnett HJM, Taylor DW, Haynes RB, Sackett DL, Peerless SJ, Ferguson GG et al (1991) Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med 325(7):445–453. (PMID: 10.1056/NEJM199108153250701)
Mayberg MR, Wilson SE, Yatsu F, Weiss DG, Messina L, Hershey LA, et al. (1991) Carotid endarterectomy and prevention of cerebral ischemia in symptomatic carotid stenosis. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program 309 Trialist Group. Jama. 266(23):3289–94.
(1998) Randomised trial of endarterectomy for recently symptomatic carotid stenosis: final results of the MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial (ECST). Lancet. 351(9113):1379–87.
Rothwell PM, Eliasziw M, Gutnikov SA, Warlow CP, Barnett HJ (2004) Endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis in relation to clinical subgroups and timing of surgery. Lancet 363(9413):915–924. (PMID: 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15785-1)
Tsivgoulis G, Krogias C, Georgiadis GS, Mikulik R, Safouris A, Meves SH, et al. (2014) Safety of early endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis: an international multicenter study. Eur J Neurol. 21(10):1251–7, e75–6.
Van Keer K, Breda JB, Pinto LA, Stalmans I, Vandewalle E (2016) Estimating mean ocular perfusion pressure using mean arterial pressure and intraocular pressure. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 57(4):2260. (PMID: 10.1167/iovs.16-19375)
فهرسة مساهمة: Keywords: Neurophthalmology; Ocular ischemia; Optic nerve; Retinal blood flow; Retinopathy; Stroke
تواريخ الأحداث: Date Created: 20220715 Date Completed: 20230104 Latest Revision: 20230104
رمز التحديث: 20240628
DOI: 10.1007/s00417-022-05747-x
PMID: 35838806
قاعدة البيانات: MEDLINE
الوصف
تدمد:1435-702X
DOI:10.1007/s00417-022-05747-x