دورية أكاديمية
Divergent Evolutionary Pathways of Myxoma Virus in Australia: Virulence Phenotypes in Susceptible and Partially Resistant Rabbits Indicate Possible Selection for Transmissibility.
العنوان: | Divergent Evolutionary Pathways of Myxoma Virus in Australia: Virulence Phenotypes in Susceptible and Partially Resistant Rabbits Indicate Possible Selection for Transmissibility. |
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المؤلفون: | Kerr PJ; CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia., Cattadori IM; Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics and Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State Universitygrid.29857.31, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA., Sim D; Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics and Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State Universitygrid.29857.31, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA., Liu J; CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.; Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia., Holmes EC; Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydneygrid.1013.3, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Read AF; Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics and Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State Universitygrid.29857.31, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.; Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State Universitygrid.29857.31, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. |
المصدر: | Journal of virology [J Virol] 2022 Oct 26; Vol. 96 (20), pp. e0088622. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Oct 05. |
نوع المنشور: | Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural |
اللغة: | English |
بيانات الدورية: | Publisher: American Society For Microbiology Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0113724 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1098-5514 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0022538X NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Virol Subsets: MEDLINE |
أسماء مطبوعة: | Publication: Washington Dc : American Society For Microbiology Original Publication: Baltimore, American Society for Microbiology. |
مواضيع طبية MeSH: | Myxoma virus* , Myxomatosis, Infectious*/genetics, Animals ; Rabbits ; Virulence/genetics ; Australia ; Phenotype ; Genotype |
مستخلص: | To characterize the ongoing evolution of myxoma virus in Australian rabbits, we used experimental infections of laboratory rabbits to determine the virulence and disease phenotypes of recent virus isolates. The viruses, collected between 2012 and 2015, fell into three lineages, one of which, lineage c, experienced a punctuated increase in evolutionary rate. All viruses were capable of causing acute death with aspects of neutropenic septicemia, characterized by minimal signs of myxomatosis, the occurrence of pulmonary edema and bacteria invasions throughout internal organs, but with no inflammatory response. For the viruses of highest virulence all rabbits usually died at this point. In more attenuated viruses, some rabbits died acutely, while others developed an amyxomatous phenotype. Rabbits that survived for longer periods developed greatly swollen cutaneous tissues with very high virus titers. This was particularly true of lineage c viruses. Unexpectedly, we identified a line of laboratory rabbits with some innate resistance to myxomatosis and used these in direct comparisons with the fully susceptible rabbit line. Importantly, the same disease phenotype occurred in both susceptible and resistant rabbits, although virulence was shifted toward more attenuated grades in resistant animals. We propose that selection against inflammation at cutaneous sites prolongs virus replication and enhances transmission, leading to the amyxomatous phenotype. In some virus backgrounds this creates an immunosuppressive state that predisposes to high virulence and acute death. The alterations in disease pathogenesis, particularly the overwhelming bacterial invasions that characterize the modern viruses, suggest that their virulence grades are not directly comparable with earlier studies. IMPORTANCE The evolution of the myxoma virus (MYXV) following its release as a biological control for European rabbits in Australia is the textbook example of the coevolution of virus virulence and host resistance. However, most of our knowledge of MYXV evolution only covers the first few decades of its spread in Australia and often with little direct connection between how changes in virus phenotype relate to those in the underlying virus genotype. By conducting detailed experimental infections of recent isolates of MYXV in different lines of laboratory rabbits, we examined the ongoing evolution of MYXV disease phenotypes. Our results reveal a wide range of phenotypes, including an amyxomatous type, as well as the impact of invasive bacteria, that in part depended on the level of rabbit host resistance. These results provide a unique insight into the complex virus and host factors that combine to shape disease phenotype and viral evolution. |
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معلومات مُعتمدة: | R01AI093804 HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH) |
فهرسة مساهمة: | Keywords: evolution; myxoma virus; myxomatosis; phenotype; rabbit; virulence |
تواريخ الأحداث: | Date Created: 20221005 Date Completed: 20221028 Latest Revision: 20221204 |
رمز التحديث: | 20240628 |
مُعرف محوري في PubMed: | PMC9599488 |
DOI: | 10.1128/jvi.00886-22 |
PMID: | 36197107 |
قاعدة البيانات: | MEDLINE |
تدمد: | 1098-5514 |
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DOI: | 10.1128/jvi.00886-22 |