دورية أكاديمية
أعرض في EDS

Very low-calorie ketogenic diet rapidly augments testosterone levels in non-diabetic obese subjects.

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: Very low-calorie ketogenic diet rapidly augments testosterone levels in non-diabetic obese subjects.
المؤلفون: Cignarelli A; Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy., Santi D; Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy., Genchi VA; Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy., Conte E; Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy., Giordano F; Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy., Di Leo S; Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy., Natalicchio A; Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy., Laviola L; Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy., Giorgino F; Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy., Perrini S; Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
المصدر: Andrology [Andrology] 2023 Feb; Vol. 11 (2), pp. 234-244. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Dec 14.
نوع المنشور: Journal Article
اللغة: English
بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101585129 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2047-2927 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20472919 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Andrology Subsets: MEDLINE
أسماء مطبوعة: Original Publication: Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell, 2013-
مواضيع طبية MeSH: Diet, Ketogenic* , Hypogonadism*/complications, Humans ; Male ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/complications ; Testosterone ; Weight Loss
مستخلص: Background: The very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) represents an opportunity to attain clinically relevant weight loss in obese patients. Functional hypogonadism represents a frequent hormonal disorder associated with obesity and visceral fat accumulation characterised by low testosterone levels and subnormal luteinising hormone (LH) levels.
Aim: To evaluate the early effects of VLCKD on serum total testosterone (TT) levels in non-diabetic obese patients.
Methods: Twenty-two obese male patients (mean age 39.3 ± 11.7 years, mean body mass index (BMI) 38.2 ± 6.4 kg/m 2 ) were enrolled and treated for 28 days with VLCKD. Anthropometric and hormonal variables were assessed before, during and after diet intervention.
Results: After 7 and 28 days on a VLCKD, a significant and persistent reduction in body weight, BMI, fat mass, blood glucose, insulin and homeostasis model assessment index was observed compared with baseline. TT significantly increased after 7 days (+35 ± 64 ng/dl) and 28 days (+74 ± 97 ng/dl) on a VLCKD. In addition to TT, a significant increase in serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels was observed after 7 (+2.1 ± 4.1) and 28 days (+7.7 ± 10.0). However, both calculated free testosterone and LH did not change after 7 or 28 days of VLCKD. Following cessation of VLCKD, hypogonadal subjects achieved a higher percentage of total weight loss (8.5% ± 1.5%), a greater reduction in weight (-9.94 ± 1.66 kg), fat mass (-7 ± 2.1 kg) and waist circumference (-6.31 ± 2.65 cm) and a greater improvement in glycaemia (-8.75 ± 10.92 mg/dl) as compared with eugonadal subjects. Furthermore, hypogonadal subjects exhibited a trend of higher TT increase (+98.12 ± 71.51 ng/dl) as compared with eugonadal subjects.
Conclusions: VLCKD results in rapid improvements in TT levels associated with weight loss in male obese non-diabetic subjects, particularly in the presence of obesity-related hypogonadism.
(© 2022 American Society of Andrology and European Academy of Andrology.)
References: De Lorenzo A, Gratteri S, Gualtieri P, Cammarano A, Bertucci P, Di Renzo L. Why primary obesity is a disease. J Transl Med. 2019;17(1):169.
Handakas E, Lau CH, Alfano R, et al. A systematic review of metabolomic studies of childhood obesity: state of the evidence for metabolic determinants and consequences. Obes Rev. 2022;23(Suppl1):e13384.
Grossmann M. Hypogonadism and male obesity: focus on unresolved questions. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2018;89(1):11-21.
Genchi VA, Rossi E, Lauriola C, et al. Adipose tissue dysfunction and obesity-related male hypogonadism. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(15):8194.
Chen X, Xiao Z, Cai Y, Huang L, Chen C. Hypothalamic mechanisms of obesity-associated disturbance of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2022;33(3):206-217.
Carrageta DF, Oliveira PF, Alves MG, Monteiro MP. Obesity and male hypogonadism: tales of a vicious cycle. Obes Rev. 2019;20(8):1148-1158.
Corona G, Rastrelli G, Monami M, et al. Body weight loss reverts obesity-associated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol. 2013;168(6):829-843.
Paoli A, Rubini A, Volek JS, Grimaldi KA. Beyond weight loss: a review of the therapeutic uses of very-low-carbohydrate (ketogenic) diets. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2013;67(8):789-796.
Caprio M, Infante M, Moriconi E, et al. Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) in the management of metabolic diseases: systematic review and consensus statement from the Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE). J Endocrinol Invest. 2019;42(11):1365-1386.
Basolo A, Magno S, Santini F, Ceccarini G. Ketogenic diet and weight loss: is there an effect on energy expenditure. Nutrients. 2022;14(9):1814.
Tsai AG, Wadden TA. The evolution of very-low-calorie diets: an update and meta-analysis. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md). 2006;14(8):1283-1293.
Durkalec-Michalski K, Nowaczyk PM, Główka N, Ziobrowska A, Podgórski T. Is a four-week ketogenic diet an effective nutritional strategy in CrossFit-trained female and male athletes. Nutrients. 2021;13(3):864.
La Vignera S, Cannarella R, Galvano F, et al. The ketogenic diet corrects metabolic hypogonadism and preserves pancreatic ß-cell function in overweight/obese men: a single-arm uncontrolled study. Endocrine. 2021;72(2):392-399.
Mongioì LM, Cimino L, Condorelli RA, et al. Effectiveness of a very low calorie ketogenic diet on testicular function in overweight/obese men. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):2967.
Paoli A, Cenci L, Pompei P, et al. Effects of two months of very low carbohydrate ketogenic diet on body composition, muscle strength, muscle area, and blood parameters in competitive natural body builders. Nutrients. 2021;13(2):374.
Vidić V, Ilić V, Toskić L, Janković N, Ugarković D. Effects of calorie restricted low carbohydrate high fat ketogenic vs. non-ketogenic diet on strength, body-composition, hormonal and lipid profile in trained middle-aged men. Clin Nutr. 2021;40(4):1495-1502.
Wilson JM, Lowery RP, Roberts MD, et al. Effects of ketogenic dieting on body composition, strength, power, and hormonal profiles in resistance training men. J Strength Cond Res. 2020;34(12):3463-3474.
Zajac A, Poprzecki S, Maszczyk A, Czuba M, Michalczyk M, Zydek G. The effects of a ketogenic diet on exercise metabolism and physical performance in off-road cyclists. Nutrients. 2014;6(7):2493-2508.
Furini C, Spaggiari G, Simoni M, Greco C, Santi D. Ketogenic state improves testosterone serum levels-results from a systematic review and meta-analysis [published online ahead of print, 2022 Sep 23]. Endocrine. 2022; https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-022-03195-5.
von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147(8):573-577.
Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985;28(7):412-419.
Matsuda M, DeFronzo RA. Insulin sensitivity indices obtained from oral glucose tolerance testing: comparison with the euglycemic insulin clamp. Diabetes Care. 1999;22(9):1462-1470.
Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem. 1972;18(6):499-502.
Tang Q, Li X, Song P, Xu L. Optimal cut-off values for the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and pre-diabetes screening: Developments in research and prospects for the future. Drug Discov Ther. 2015;9(6):380-385.
Vermeulen A, Verdonck L, Kaufman JM. A critical evaluation of simple methods for the estimation of free testosterone in serum. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84(10):3666-3672.
Budzyński J, Tojek K, Czerniak B, Banaszkiewicz Z. Scores of nutritional risk and parameters of nutritional status assessment as predictors of in-hospital mortality and readmissions in the general hospital population. Clin Nutr. 2016;35(6):1464-1471.
Brethauer SA, Kim J, el Chaar M, et al. Standardized outcomes reporting in metabolic and bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2015;11(3):489-506.
Dandona P, Dhindsa S, Chaudhuri A, Bhatia V, Topiwala S, Mohanty P. Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in type 2 diabetes, obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Curr Mol Med. 2008;8(8):816-828.
Dhindsa S, Miller MG, McWhirter CL, et al. Testosterone concentrations in diabetic and nondiabetic obese men. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(6):1186-1192.
Corona G, Monami M, Rastrelli G, et al. Testosterone and metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis study. J Sex Med. 2011;8(1):272-283.
van Hulsteijn LT, Pasquali R, Casanueva F, et al. Prevalence of endocrine disorders in obese patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. European J Endocrinol. 2020;182(1):11-21.
Yuxin L, Chen L, Xiaoxia L, et al. Research progress on the relationship between obesity-inflammation-aromatase axis and male infertility. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021;2021:6612796.
Corona G, Rastrelli G, Morelli A, et al. Treatment of functional hypogonadism besides pharmacological substitution. World J Mens Health. 2020;38(3):256-270.
Corona G, Rastrelli G, Vignozzi L, et al. The role of testosterone treatment in patients with metabolic disorders. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2021;14(9):1091-1103.
Onfiani G. VLCD versus VLCKD for obese male patients with hypogonadism: considerations about the recent systematic review and consensus statement published by the Italian Society of Endocrinology. Eat Weight Disord. 2022;27:2955-2956.
Schulte DM, Hahn M, Oberhäuser F, et al. Caloric restriction increases serum testosterone concentrations in obese male subjects by two distinct mechanisms. Horm Metab Res. 2014;46(4):283-286.
Aleem M, Padwal V, Choudhari J, Balasinor N, Gill-Sharma MK. Sperm protamine levels as indicators of fertilising potential in sexually mature male rats. Andrologia. 2008;40(1):29-37.
Bandak M, Aksglaede L, Juul A, Rørth M, Daugaard G. The pituitary-Leydig cell axis before and after orchiectomy in patients with stage I testicular cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2011;47(17):2585-2591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2011.05.026.
Rannikko A, Petas A, Raivio T, Jänne OA, Rannikko S, Adlercreutz H. The effects of short-term oral phytoestrogen supplementation on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in prostate cancer patients. Prostate. 2006;66(10):1086-1091.
de Mattos K, Viger RS, Tremblay JJ. Transcription factors in the regulation of Leydig cell gene expression and function. Front Endocrinol. 2022;13:881309.
Gagliano-Jucá T, Li Z, Pencina KM, et al. Oral glucose load and mixed meal feeding lowers testosterone levels in healthy eugonadal men. Endocrine. 2019;63(1):149-156.
Naas H, de Oliveira AA, Karpova T, Nunes KP. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) as a possible pathological mechanism in hyperglycemia-associated testicular dysfunction. Med Hypotheses. 2019;127:116-119.
Kannan A, Mariajoseph-Antony LF, Panneerselvam A, et al. Aquaporin 9 regulates Leydig cell steroidogenesis in diabetes. Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2022;68(3):213-226.
Herrington GJ, Peterson JJ, Cheng L, et al. The use of very low-calorie diets in subjects with obesity complicated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a scoping review. Obes Sci Pract. 2022;8(4):510-524.
Talavera-Urquijo E, Rodríguez-Navarro S, Beisani M, et al. Morphofunctional changes after sleeve gastrectomy and very low calorie diet in an animal model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Obes Surg. 2018;28(1):142-151.
Watanabe M, Tozzi R, Risi R, et al. Beneficial effects of the ketogenic diet on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a comprehensive review of the literature. Obes Rev. 2020;21(8):e13024.
Lewis MC, Phillips ML, Slavotinek JP, Kow L, Thompson CH, Toouli J. Change in liver size and fat content after treatment with Optifast very low calorie diet. Obes Surg. 2006;16(6):697-701.
Shah K, Stufflebam A, Hilton TN, Sinacore DR, Klein S, Villareal DT. Diet and exercise interventions reduce intrahepatic fat content and improve insulin sensitivity in obese older adults. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md). 2009;17(12):2162-2168.
Lim EL, Hollingsworth KG, Aribisala BS, Chen MJ, Mathers JC, Taylor R. Reversal of type 2 diabetes: normalisation of beta cell function in association with decreased pancreas and liver triacylglycerol. Diabetologia. 2011;54(10):2506-2514.
Bonnet F, Velayoudom Cephise FL, Gautier A, et al. Role of sex steroids, intrahepatic fat and liver enzymes in the association between SHBG and metabolic features. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2013;79(4):517-522.
Tchernof A, Labrie F, Bélanger A, et al. Relationships between endogenous steroid hormone, sex hormone-binding globulin and lipoprotein levels in men: contribution of visceral obesity, insulin levels and other metabolic variables. Atherosclerosis. 1997;133(2):235-244.
Telgenkamp I, Kusters Y, Schalkwijk CG, et al. Contribution of liver fat to weight loss-induced changes in serum hepatokines: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019;104(7):2719-2727.
Tsilidis KK, Rohrmann S, McGlynn KA, et al. Association between endogenous sex steroid hormones and inflammatory biomarkers in US men. Andrology. 2013;1(6):919-928.
Bobjer J, Katrinaki M, Tsatsanis C, Lundberg Giwercman Y, Giwercman A. Negative association between testosterone concentration and inflammatory markers in young men: a nested cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e61466.
Monda V, Polito R, Lovino A, et al. Short-term physiological effects of a very low-calorie ketogenic diet: effects on adiponectin levels and inflammatory states. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(9):3228.
O'Connor DB, Archer J, Wu FC. Effects of testosterone on mood, aggression, and sexual behavior in young men: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89(6):2837-2845.
Saad F. Testosterone therapy and glucose homeostasis in men with testosterone deficiency (Hypogonadism). Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;1043:527-558.
Haider KS, Haider A, Saad F, et al. Remission of type 2 diabetes following long-term treatment with injectable testosterone undecanoate in patients with hypogonadism and type 2 diabetes: 11-year data from a real-world registry study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2020;22(11):2055-2068.
Haider A, Yassin A, Doros G, Saad F. Effects of long-term testosterone therapy on patients with “diabesity”: results of observational studies of pooled analyses in obese hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes. Int J Endocrinol. 2014;2014:683515.
Isidori AM, Giannetta E, Greco EA, et al. Effects of testosterone on body composition, bone metabolism and serum lipid profile in middle-aged men: a meta-analysis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2005;63(3):280-293.
Mangolim AS, Brito LAR, Nunes-Nogueira VDS. Effectiveness of testosterone replacement in men with obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol/European Federation of Endocrine Societies. 2021;186(1):123-135.
de Ronde W, Pols HA, van Leeuwen JP, de Jong FH. The importance of oestrogens in males. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2003;58(5):529-542.
Kley HK, Deselaers T, Peerenboom H, Krüskemper HL. Enhanced conversion of androstenedione to estrogens in obese males. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1980;51(5):1128-1132.
Merlotti D, Gennari L, Stolakis K, Nuti R. Aromatase activity and bone loss in men. J Osteoporos. 2011;2011:230671.
Rochira V, Santi D, Carani C. Pathophyshyology of estrogen action in men. In: Nieschlag E, Behre HM, eds. Testosterone. 4th ed. Cambridge University Press 2012:421-436.
Schindler AE, Ebert A, Friedrich E. Conversion of androstenedione to estrone by human tissue. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1972;35(4):627-630.
Saad F, Aversa A, Isidori AM, Zafalon L, Zitzmann M, Gooren L. Onset of effects of testosterone treatment and time span until maximum effects are achieved. Eur J Endocrinol/European Federation of Endocrine Societies. 2011;165(5):675-685.
Yassin AA, Saad F. Improvement of sexual function in men with late-onset hypogonadism treated with testosterone only. J Sex Med. 2007;4(2):497-501.
Castellana M, Conte E, Cignarelli A, et al. Efficacy and safety of very low calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) in patients with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2020;21(1):5-16.
فهرسة مساهمة: Keywords: VLCKD; hypogonadism; obesity
المشرفين على المادة: 3XMK78S47O (Testosterone)
تواريخ الأحداث: Date Created: 20221202 Date Completed: 20230117 Latest Revision: 20230217
رمز التحديث: 20231215
DOI: 10.1111/andr.13357
PMID: 36459060
قاعدة البيانات: MEDLINE
الوصف
تدمد:2047-2927
DOI:10.1111/andr.13357