دورية أكاديمية
Olfactory training reduces pain sensitivity in children and adolescents with primary headaches.
| العنوان: | Olfactory training reduces pain sensitivity in children and adolescents with primary headaches. |
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| المؤلفون: | Gossrau G; Comprehensive Pain Center, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany., Zaranek L; Comprehensive Pain Center, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.; Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany., Klimova A; NCT Partner Site Dresden, Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometrics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany., Sabatowski R; Comprehensive Pain Center, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.; Departement of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany., Koch T; Departement of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany., Richter M; Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany., Haehner A; Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. |
| المصدر: | Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) [Front Pain Res (Lausanne)] 2023 Feb 13; Vol. 4, pp. 1091984. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Feb 13 (Print Publication: 2023). |
| نوع المنشور: | Journal Article |
| اللغة: | English |
| بيانات الدورية: | Publisher: Frontiers Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 9918227269806676 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2673-561X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 2673561X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Pain Res (Lausanne) Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE |
| أسماء مطبوعة: | Original Publication: Lausanne : Frontiers, [2020]- |
| مستخلص: | Objective: Headache prevalence among children and adolescents has increased over the last few years. Evidence-based treatment options for pediatric headaches remain limited. Research suggests a positive influence of odors on pain and mood. We investigated the effect of repeated exposure to odors on pain perception, headache-related disability, and olfactory function in children and adolescents with primary headaches. Methods: Eighty patients with migraine or tension-type headache (mean 13.1 ± 3.29 years) participated, of whom 40 underwent daily olfactory training with individually selected pleasant odors for 3 months and 40 received state-of-the-art outpatient therapy as a control group. At baseline and after a 3-month follow-up, olfactory function [odor threshold; odor discrimination; odor identification; comprehensive Threshold, Discrimination, Identification (TDI) score], mechanical detection and pain threshold (quantitative sensory testing), electrical pain threshold, patient-reported outcomes on headache-related disability [Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment (PedMIDAS)], pain disability [Pediatric Pain Disability Index (P-PDI)], and headache frequency were assessed. Results: Training with odors significantly increased the electrical pain threshold compared to the control group ( U = 470.000; z = -3.177; p = 0.001). Additionally, olfactory training significantly increased the olfactory function (TDI score [ t (39) = -2.851; p = 0.007], in particular, olfactory threshold, compared to controls ( U = 530.500; z = -2.647; p = 0.008). Headache frequency, PedMIDAS, and P-PDI decreased significantly in both groups without a group difference. Conclusions: Exposure to odors has a positive effect on olfactory function and pain threshold in children and adolescents with primary headaches. Increased electrical pain thresholds might reduce sensitization for pain in patients with frequent headaches. The additional favorable effect on headache disability without relevant side effects underlines the potential of olfactory training as valuable nonpharmacological therapy in pediatric headaches. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (© 2023 Gossrau, Zaranek, Klimova, Sabatowski, Koch, Richter and Haehner.) |
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| فهرسة مساهمة: | Keywords: olfactory training; pediatric headache; pediatric migraine; primary headache; smell training |
| تواريخ الأحداث: | Date Created: 20230302 Latest Revision: 20230303 |
| رمز التحديث: | 20240628 |
| مُعرف محوري في PubMed: | PMC9968932 |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fpain.2023.1091984 |
| PMID: | 36860330 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | MEDLINE |
Full Text Finder | تدمد: | 2673-561X |
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| DOI: | 10.3389/fpain.2023.1091984 |