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Computational mechanisms of belief updating in relation to psychotic-like experiences.

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: Computational mechanisms of belief updating in relation to psychotic-like experiences.
المؤلفون: Fromm SP; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience | CCM, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Berlin Institute of Health CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany.; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany.; Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany., Wieland L; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience | CCM, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Berlin Institute of Health CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany.; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany., Klettke A; Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany., Nassar MR; Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.; Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States., Katthagen T; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience | CCM, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Berlin Institute of Health CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany., Markett S; Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany., Heinz A; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience | CCM, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Berlin Institute of Health CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany., Schlagenhauf F; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience | CCM, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Berlin Institute of Health CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany.; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany.
المصدر: Frontiers in psychiatry [Front Psychiatry] 2023 May 05; Vol. 14, pp. 1170168. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 May 05 (Print Publication: 2023).
نوع المنشور: Journal Article
اللغة: English
بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Frontiers Research Foundation Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101545006 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 1664-0640 (Print) Linking ISSN: 16640640 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Psychiatry Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE
أسماء مطبوعة: Original Publication: Switzerland : Frontiers Research Foundation, 2010-
مستخلص: Introduction: Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) may occur due to changes in weighting prior beliefs and new evidence in the belief updating process. It is still unclear whether the acquisition or integration of stable beliefs is altered, and whether such alteration depends on the level of environmental and belief precision, which reflects the associated uncertainty. This motivated us to investigate uncertainty-related dynamics of belief updating in relation to PLEs using an online study design.
Methods: We selected a sample ( n = 300) of participants who performed a belief updating task with sudden change points and provided self-report questionnaires for PLEs. The task required participants to observe bags dropping from a hidden helicopter, infer its position, and dynamically update their belief about the helicopter's position. Participants could optimize performance by adjusting learning rates according to inferred belief uncertainty (inverse prior precision) and the probability of environmental change points. We used a normative learning model to examine the relationship between adherence to specific model parameters and PLEs.
Results: PLEs were linked to lower accuracy in tracking the outcome (helicopter location) (β = 0.26 ± 0.11, p = 0.018) and to a smaller increase of belief precision across observations after a change point (β = -0.003 ± 0.0007, p < 0.001). PLEs were related to slower belief updating when participants encountered large prediction errors (β = -0.03 ± 0.009, p = 0.001). Computational modeling suggested that PLEs were associated with reduced overall belief updating in response to prediction errors (β PE = -1.00 ± 0.45, p = 0.028) and reduced modulation of updating at inferred environmental change points (β CPP = -0.84 ± 0.38, p = 0.023).
Discussion: We conclude that PLEs are associated with altered dynamics of belief updating. These findings support the idea that the process of balancing prior belief and new evidence, as a function of environmental uncertainty, is altered in PLEs, which may contribute to the development of delusions. Specifically, slower learning after large prediction errors in people with high PLEs may result in rigid beliefs. Disregarding environmental change points may limit the flexibility to establish new beliefs in the face of contradictory evidence. The present study fosters a deeper understanding of inferential belief updating mechanisms underlying PLEs.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
(Copyright © 2023 Fromm, Wieland, Klettke, Nassar, Katthagen, Markett, Heinz and Schlagenhauf.)
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فهرسة مساهمة: Keywords: belief updating; online study; precision; psychotic-like experience (PLE); reward learning; uncertainty
تواريخ الأحداث: Date Created: 20230522 Latest Revision: 20231101
رمز التحديث: 20231215
مُعرف محوري في PubMed: PMC10196365
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1170168
PMID: 37215663
قاعدة البيانات: MEDLINE
الوصف
تدمد:1664-0640
DOI:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1170168