دورية أكاديمية
Conflict of interest policies at Australian medical schools.
| العنوان: | Conflict of interest policies at Australian medical schools. |
|---|---|
| المؤلفون: | Hooimeyer A; Charles Perkins Centre and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Lines T; Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Mirzaei J; School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Pande P; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Ganeshamoorthy S; Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia., Fabbri A; Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom., Parker L; Charles Perkins Centre and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Dunn AG; Biomedical Informatics and Digital Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Mintzes B; Charles Perkins Centre and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. |
| المصدر: | Internal medicine journal [Intern Med J] 2024 Jan; Vol. 54 (1), pp. 62-73. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jun 27. |
| نوع المنشور: | Journal Article |
| اللغة: | English |
| بيانات الدورية: | Publisher: Blackwell Science Asia Country of Publication: Australia NLM ID: 101092952 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1445-5994 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14440903 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Intern Med J Subsets: MEDLINE |
| أسماء مطبوعة: | Original Publication: Carlton, Vic. : Blackwell Science Asia, c2001- |
| مواضيع طبية MeSH: | Schools, Medical* , Conflict of Interest*, Humans ; Australia ; Disclosure ; Policy |
| مستخلص: | Background: Pharmaceutical industry exposure is widespread during medical training and may affect education and clinical decision-making. Medical faculties' conflict of interest (COI) policies help to limit this exposure and protect students against commercial influence. Aims: Our aim was to investigate the prevalence, content and strength of COI policies at Australian medical schools and changes since a previous assessment conducted in 2009. Methods: We identified policies by searching medical school and host university websites in January 2021, and contacted deans to identify any missed policies. We applied a modified version of a scorecard developed in previous studies to examine the content of COI policies. All data were coded in duplicate. COI policies were rated on a scale from 0 (no policy) to 2 (strong policy) across 11 items per medical school. Oversight mechanisms and sanctions were also assessed, and current policies were compared with the 2009 study. Results: Of 155 potentially relevant policies, 153 were university-wide and two were specific to medical schools. No policies covered sales representatives, on-site sponsored education or free samples. Oversight of consultancies had improved substantially, with 76% of schools requiring preapproval. Disclosure policies, while usually present, were weak, with no public disclosure required. Conclusion: We found little indication that Australian medical students are protected from commercial influence on medical education, and there has been limited COI policy development within the past decade. More attention is needed to ensure the independence of medical education in Australia. (© 2023 The Authors. Internal Medicine Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Royal Australasian College of Physicians.) |
| References: | Campbell EG, Rao SR, DesRoches CM, Iezzoni LI, Vogeli C, Bolcic-Jankovic D et al. Physician professionalism and changes in physician-industry relationships from 2004 to 2009. Arch Intern Med 2010; 170: 1820-6. Fickweiler F, Fickweiler W, Urbach E. Interactions between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry generally and sales representatives specifically and their association with physicians' attitudes and prescribing habits: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2017; 7: e016408. Molina M, Boëffard A, Esvan M, Bastian B. Medical students' exposure to and attitudes towards product promotion and incentives from the pharmaceutical industry in 2019: a national cross-sectional study in France. BMJ Open 2022; 12: e045671. Lundh A, Lexchin J, Mintzes B, Schroll JB, Bero L. Industry sponsorship and research outcome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 2: MR000033. Austad KE, Avorn J, Kesselheim AS. Medical students' exposure to and attitudes about the pharmaceutical industry: a systematic review. PLoS Med 2011; 8: e1001037. Persaud N. Questionable content of an industry-supported medical school lecture series: a case study. J Med Ethics 2014; 40: 414-18. Lo B, Field MJ. Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2009. Brax H, Fadlallah R, Al-Khaled L, Kahale LA, Nas H, El-Jardali F et al. Association between physicians' interaction with pharmaceutical companies and their clinical practices: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS One 2017; 12: e0175493. McNeill PM, Kerridge IH, Henry DA, Stokes B, Hill SR, Newby D et al. Giving and receiving of gifts between pharmaceutical companies and medical specialists in Australia. Intern Med J 2006; 36: 571-8. Spurling GK, Mansfield PR, Montgomery BD, Lexchin J, Doust J, Othman N et al. Information from pharmaceutical companies and the quality, quantity, and cost of physicians' prescribing: a systematic review. PLoS Med 2010; 7: e1000352. Parker L, Williams J, Bero L. Ethical drug marketing criteria for the 21st century. BMJ 2018; 361: k1809. Datta A, Dave D. Effects of physician-directed pharmaceutical promotion on prescription behaviors: longitudinal evidence. Health Econ 2017; 26: 450-68. Mitchell AP, Trivedi NU, Gennarelli RL, Chimonas S, Tabatabai SM, Goldberg J et al. Are financial payments from the pharmaceutical industry associated with physician prescribing?: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med 2021; 174: 353-61. Austad KE, Avorn J, Franklin JM, Campbell EG, Kesselheim AS. Association of marketing interactions with medical trainees’ knowledge about evidence-based prescribing: results from a national survey. JAMA Intern Med 2014; 174: 1283-90. Epstein AJ, Busch SH, Busch AB, Asch DA, Barry CL. Does exposure to conflict of interest policies in psychiatry residency affect antidepressant prescribing? Med Care 2013; 51: 199-203. King M, Essick C, Bearman P, Ross JS. Medical school gift restriction policies and physician prescribing of newly marketed psychotropic medications: difference-in-differences analysis. BMJ 2013; 346: f264. Eisenberg MD, Stone EM, Pittell H, McGinty EE. The impact of academic medical center policies restricting direct-to-physician marketing on opioid prescribing. Health Aff 2020; 39: 1002-10. Carlat DJ, Fagrelius T, Ramachandran R, Ross JS, Bergh S. The updated AMSA scorecard of conflict-of-interest policies: a survey of U.S. medical schools. BMC Med Educ 2016; 16: 202-2. Yan J. Conflict-of-interest policies earn many med schools an “F”. Psychiatr News 2008; 43: 1-25. Shnier A, Lexchin J, Mintzes B, Jutel A, Holloway K. Too few, too weak: conflict of interest policies at Canadian medical schools. PLOS One 2013; 8: e68633. Grabitz P, Friedmann Z, Gepp S, Hess L, Specht L, Struck M et al. Quantity and quality of conflict of interest policies at German medical schools: a cross-sectional study and survey. BMJ Open 2020; 10: e039782. Scheffer P, Guy-Coichard C, Outh-Gauer D, Calet-Froissart Z, Boursier M, Mintzes B et al. Conflict of interest policies at French medical schools: starting from the bottom. PLOS One 2017; 12: e0168258. Bechoux L, De Vleeschouwer O, Vanheuverzwijn C, Verhegghen F, Detiffe A, Colle F et al. Conflict of interest policies at Belgian medical faculties: cross-sectional study indicates little oversight. PLOS One 2021; 16: e0245736. Fabbri A, Hone KR, Hróbjartsson A, Lundh A. Conflict of interest policies at medical schools and teaching hospitals: a systematic review of cross-sectional studies. Int J Health Policy Manag 2021; 11: 1274-85. Lines T, Haryono I, Alamyra S, Korneos G, MacLean P, Rahman A. Pharmaceutical sponsorship and relationship with industry policy. Australian Medical Students' Association. 2018. [cited 2022 Nov 20]. Available from URL: https://amsa.org.au/Web/Web/Advocacy/policy.aspx?hkey=e0ee0a3a-0d5b-4b80-a161-ae98779c5c5f. Mason PR, Tattersall MHN. Conflicts of interest: a review of institutional policy in Australian medical schools. Med J Aust 2011; 194: 121-5. Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine. Medical Program Charter. Bond University. 2020 [cited 2022 Apr 28]. Available from URL: https://bond.edu.au/files/1375/student-charter-medical-program.pdf. Melbourne Medical School. Doctor of Medicine - Attributes, Outcomes and Skills. The University of Melbourne. 2021 [cited 2022 Apr 28]. Available from URL: https://handbook.unimelb.edu.au/2021/courses/mc-dmed/attributes-outcomes-skills. Stanford University. Consulting and Other Outside Professional Activities by Members of the Academic Council and Medical Center Line Faculty. 2020 [cited 2022 Apr 20]. Available from URL: https://doresearch.stanford.edu/policies/research-policy-handbook/conflicts-commitment-and-interest/consulting-and-other-outside-professional-activities-members-academic-council-and-medical-center-line-faculty. Deweerdt S. The natural history of an epidemic. Nature 2019; 573: S10-12. Office of the Attorney General. Attorney General Lockyer Announces Availability of Pharmaceutical Public Education Grants Under Settlement With Warner-Lambert in Neurontin Off-Label Marketing Case [Press release]. State of California - Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General. 31 Aug 2005 [cited 2023 Apr 11]. Available from URL: https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-lockyer-announces-availability-pharmaceutical-public-education. PEW Charitable Trusts. Conflict-of-Interest Policies for Academic Medical Centres: Recommendations for Best Practices. 2013. Oldani MJ. Thick prescriptions: toward an interpretation of pharmaceutical sales practices. Med Anthropol Q 2004; 18: 325-56. De Jong C, Aguilar T, Tseng CW, Lin GA, Boscardin WJ, Dudley RA. Pharmaceutical industry-sponsored meals and physician prescribing patterns for medicare beneficiaries. JAMA Intern Med 2016; 176: 1114-22. Fabbri A, Grundy Q, Mintzes B, Swandari S, Moynihan R, Walkom E et al. A cross-sectional analysis of pharmaceutical industry-funded events for health professionals in Australia. BMJ Open 2017; 7: e016701. Australian Medical Council. Accreditation Standards for Primary Medical Education Providers and their Program of Study and Graduate Outcome Statements. 2012 [cited 2022 Apr 20]. Available from URL: https://www.medicalboard.gov.au/Accreditation/Medical-schools.aspx. |
| معلومات مُعتمدة: | 2020/2021 Charles Perkins Centre Summer Research Scholarship |
| فهرسة مساهمة: | Keywords: Australia; conflict of interest; drug industry; medical schools; organisational policy |
| تواريخ الأحداث: | Date Created: 20230531 Date Completed: 20240126 Latest Revision: 20240126 |
| رمز التحديث: | 20240126 |
| DOI: | 10.1111/imj.16148 |
| PMID: | 37255333 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | MEDLINE |
Full Text Finder | تدمد: | 1445-5994 |
|---|---|
| DOI: | 10.1111/imj.16148 |