دورية أكاديمية
An Epidemiological Analysis of Terrorist Attacks in the Nordic and Baltic Countries from 1970 through 2020.
| العنوان: | An Epidemiological Analysis of Terrorist Attacks in the Nordic and Baltic Countries from 1970 through 2020. |
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| المؤلفون: | De Cauwer H; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Sint-Dimpna Regional Hospital, Geel, Belgium., Granholm F; Swedish Air Ambulance (SLA), Mora, Sweden., Khorram-Manesh A; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Sweden; Gothenburg Emergency Medicine Research Group (GEMREG), Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden., Barten DG; Department of Emergency Medicine, VieCuri Medical Center, Venlo, the Netherlands., Tin D; Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts., Mortelmans LJ; Center for Research and Education in Emergency Care, University of Leuven, Leuven; REGEDIM, Free University Brussels, Brussels; Department of Emergency Medicine, ZNA Camp Stuivenberg, Antwerp, Belgium., Somville F; Department of Emergency Medicine, Sint-Dimpna Regional Hospital, Geel, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium., Ciottone GR; Director, BIDMC Disaster Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Associate Professor, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. |
| المصدر: | Prehospital and disaster medicine [Prehosp Disaster Med] 2023 Jun; Vol. 38 (3), pp. 401-408. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jun 02. |
| نوع المنشور: | Journal Article |
| اللغة: | English |
| بيانات الدورية: | Publisher: Cambridge University Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8918173 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1945-1938 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 1049023X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Prehosp Disaster Med |
| أسماء مطبوعة: | Publication: 2011- : New York : Cambridge University Press Original Publication: [Solana Beach, CA] : Jems Pub. Co., [c1989]- |
| مواضيع طبية MeSH: | Terrorism*/statistics & numerical data, Humans ; Baltic States/epidemiology ; Scandinavian and Nordic Countries/epidemiology |
| مستخلص: | Background: Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014, and the recent Russo-Ukrainian war that started in 2022, were triggers that radically changed the perception of security in the Nordic and Baltic countries. The on-going Russian hybrid war has resulted in a renewed global interest in the safety and security of many countries (eg, the Nordic-Baltic Eight). The prospective North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) membership of Finland and Sweden may drastically change the regional military and political landscape.The objective of this study was to identify and characterize all documented terrorist attacks in this region as reported to the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) from 1970 through 2020. Methods: The GTD was searched using the internal database functions for all terrorism incidents in the Nordic-Baltic states: Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, and Sweden.Temporal factors, location, target type, attack and weapon type, perpetrator type, number of casualties, and property value loss were collated. Results were exported into an Excel spreadsheet for analysis. Results: There were 298 terrorism-related incidents from 1970 through 2020. Most attacks occurred in Sweden, followed by Norway and Finland. No entries were recorded for the Baltic states prior to their independency in 1991. The 298 incidents resulted in a total of 113 fatalities and 277 injuries.Facility/infrastructure attacks were the most frequently identified attack type (35.0%), followed by bombings and explosions (30.9%). Armed assaults were responsible for 80 fatalities and 105 injuries, followed by bombings/explosions with 15 fatalities and 72 injuries. The predominant target types were immigrants and refugee shelters (64/298 incidents). In only 33.6% of the incidents, perpetrators were known. Right-wing assailants represented the largest group, accounting for 27 incidents. Conclusion: From 1970 through 2020, there were 298 terrorist attacks in the Nordic-Baltic Eight. Sweden accounted for 50% of incidents.The profile of terrorist attacks was very diverse, as were the perpetrators and targets. Every country had its own incident characteristics. The surge of right-wing extremism must be closely monitored. |
| فهرسة مساهمة: | Keywords: Counter-Terrorism Medicine; hybrid war; mass migration; right-wing extremism; terrorism; warfare |
| تواريخ الأحداث: | Date Created: 20230602 Date Completed: 20231215 Latest Revision: 20231215 |
| رمز التحديث: | 20231216 |
| DOI: | 10.1017/S1049023X23005794 |
| PMID: | 37264951 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | MEDLINE |
Full Text Finder | تدمد: | 1945-1938 |
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| DOI: | 10.1017/S1049023X23005794 |