دورية أكاديمية
Effects of paddles and fins on front crawl kinematics, arm stroke efficiency, coordination, and estimated energy cost.
| العنوان: | Effects of paddles and fins on front crawl kinematics, arm stroke efficiency, coordination, and estimated energy cost. |
|---|---|
| المؤلفون: | De Matos CC; Aquatic Sports Research Group, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil., Guignard B; Université Rouen Normandie, CETAPS UR 3832, Rouen, France., Castro FS; Aquatic Sports Research Group, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil., Guimard A; Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Hypoxie et Poumon, H&P, INSERM, UMR 1272, Bobigny, France.; Département STAPS, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France. |
| المصدر: | Frontiers in physiology [Front Physiol] 2023 May 22; Vol. 14, pp. 1174090. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 May 22 (Print Publication: 2023). |
| نوع المنشور: | Journal Article |
| اللغة: | English |
| بيانات الدورية: | Publisher: Frontiers Research Foundation Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101549006 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 1664-042X (Print) Linking ISSN: 1664042X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Physiol Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE |
| أسماء مطبوعة: | Original Publication: Lausanne : Frontiers Research Foundation |
| مستخلص: | Paddles and fins are used in swimmers training with different objectives (e.g., increase propulsive areas of hands and feet, improve the feeling of water flow). These artificial modifications of the stroke might be viewed as external constraints of the stroke task, both will either disturb or facilitate swimming modalities, so the coaches should manipulate its use to extract benefits for performance. This study seeks to investigate the precise effects of wearing either paddles (PAD) or fins (FINS) vs. a no-equipment (NE) trial in three all-out front crawl exercises on swimmer kinematics, arm stroke efficiency ( η p ), upper-limbs coordination patterns (Index of Coordination, IdC), and estimated energy cost (C). Eleven regional to national-level male swimmers participated in the study (age: 25.8 ± 5.5 years, body mass: 75.2 ± 5.5 kg, height: 177 ± 6.5 cm) and were recorded from both sides of the swimming pool to collect all variables. Repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc were used to compare the variables. Effects sizes were calculated. Time to cover the distance and velocity were higher in FINS swimming, with larger values of stroke length (SL) and lower kick amplitude in comparison to the other trials (PAD and NE). The use of FINS also modified the stroke phases durations by presenting significant lower propulsion time during the stroke in comparison to PAD or NE. Values of IdC were lower (IdC < -1%, so catch-up pattern of coordination) for FINS in comparison to NE. In terms of η p , using PAD or FINS demonstrate higher arm stroke efficiency than swimming without equipment. Finally, C was significantly higher in FINS swimming in comparison to NE and PAD. From the present results, it should be noted that the use of equipment such as fins deeply modify the structure of the swimming stroke (from the performance-related parameters through the kinematics of both upper and lower limbs to the stroke efficiency and coordination pattern). So, using equipment should be appropriately scaled by the coaches to the objectives of the training session in swimming, and in emergent sports such as "SwimRun", paddles and fins must be viewed as tools to achieve higher velocities to cover a given distance. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2023 De Matos, Guignard, Castro and Guimard.) |
| References: | Int J Sports Med. 2000 Jan;21(1):54-9. (PMID: 10683100) Eur J Appl Physiol. 2004 May;91(5-6):649-55. (PMID: 14685866) Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001 Mar;107(3):726-33. (PMID: 11304598) Appl Ergon. 2009 Jul;40(4):767-74. (PMID: 18937935) J Exp Biol. 2002 Sep;205(Pt 17):2665-76. (PMID: 12151372) Eur J Appl Physiol. 2006 Mar;96(4):459-70. (PMID: 16341874) J Strength Cond Res. 2009 May;23(3):735-40. (PMID: 19387407) J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Oct;25(10):2681-90. (PMID: 21912344) J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2006 Jun;46(2):232-7. (PMID: 16823353) Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996 May;28(5):573-80. (PMID: 9148086) Eur J Appl Physiol. 2003 Oct;90(3-4):377-86. (PMID: 12955519) Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1999 Aug;80(3):192-9. (PMID: 10453920) Int J Sports Med. 2008 May;29(5):429-34. (PMID: 17879890) J Biomech. 2001 Feb;34(2):235-43. (PMID: 11165288) Behav Res Methods. 2009 Nov;41(4):1149-60. (PMID: 19897823) Int J Sports Med. 2004 Apr;25(3):217-23. (PMID: 15088247) J Appl Biomech. 2009 Aug;25(3):253-7. (PMID: 19827475) J Sports Sci. 2011 Feb;29(4):431-8. (PMID: 21259157) Eur J Appl Physiol. 2020 Jan;120(1):41-66. (PMID: 31807901) Nutrition. 1989 Sep-Oct;5(5):303-11; discussion 312-3. (PMID: 2520314) Eur J Appl Physiol. 2005 May;94(1-2):134-44. (PMID: 15702343) Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 Mar;41(3):637-44. (PMID: 19204586) Int J Sports Med. 1986 Apr;7(2):55-72. (PMID: 3519480) J Sports Sci. 2013;31(9):1015-23. (PMID: 23360179) J Sci Med Sport. 2010 Jan;13(1):141-5. (PMID: 19119067) |
| فهرسة مساهمة: | Keywords: energy cost; freestyle swimming technique; non-propulsive phases; propulsive phases; propulsive time; stroke cycle; swimming equipment; underwater kick |
| تواريخ الأحداث: | Date Created: 20230607 Latest Revision: 20230608 |
| رمز التحديث: | 20230608 |
| مُعرف محوري في PubMed: | PMC10240615 |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fphys.2023.1174090 |
| PMID: | 37284541 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | MEDLINE |
Full Text Finder | تدمد: | 1664-042X |
|---|---|
| DOI: | 10.3389/fphys.2023.1174090 |