دورية أكاديمية
Regional and racial/ethnic inequalities in public drinking water fluoride concentrations across the US.
| العنوان: | Regional and racial/ethnic inequalities in public drinking water fluoride concentrations across the US. |
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| المؤلفون: | Hefferon R; Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA., Goin DE; Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA., Sarnat JA; Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA., Nigra AE; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA. aen2136@cumc.columbia.edu. |
| المصدر: | Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology [J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol] 2024 Jan; Vol. 34 (1), pp. 68-76. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jun 30. |
| نوع المنشور: | Journal Article |
| اللغة: | English |
| بيانات الدورية: | Publisher: Nature Pub. Group Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101262796 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1559-064X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15590631 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| أسماء مطبوعة: | Original Publication: New York, NY : Nature Pub. Group, c2006- |
| مواضيع طبية MeSH: | Drinking Water* , Arsenic* , Groundwater*, United States ; Child ; Humans ; Fluorides ; Databases, Factual |
| مستخلص: | Background: Although the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) considers fluoridation of community water systems (CWSs) to be a major public health achievement responsible for reducing dental disease, recent epidemiologic evidence suggests that chronic exposure to population-relevant levels of fluoride may also be associated with adverse child neurodevelopmental outcomes. To our knowledge, a nationally representative database of CWS fluoride concentration estimates that can be readily linked to US epidemiologic cohorts for further study is not publicly available. Our objectives were to evaluate broad regional and sociodemographic inequalities in CWS fluoride concentrations across the US, and to determine if county-level racial/ethnic composition was associated with county-level CWS fluoride. Methods: We generated CWS-level (N = 32,495) and population weighted county-level (N = 2152) fluoride concentration estimates using over 250,000 routine compliance monitoring records collected from the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Third Six Year Review (2006-2011). We compared CWS-level fluoride distributions across subgroups including region, population size served, and county sociodemographic characteristics. In county-level spatial error models, we also evaluated geometric mean ratios (GMRs) of CWS fluoride per 10% higher proportion of residents belonging to a given racial/ethnic subgroup. Results: 4.5% of CWSs (serving >2.9 million residents) reported mean 2006-2011 fluoride concentrations ≥1500 µg/L (the World Health Organization's guideline for drinking water quality). Arithmetic mean, 90 th , and 95 th percentile contaminant concentrations were greatest in CWSs reliant on groundwater, located in the Southwest and Eastern Midwest, and serving Semi-Urban, Hispanic communities. In fully adjusted spatial error models, the GMR (95% CI) of CWS fluoride per a 10% higher proportion of county residents that were Hispanic/Latino was 1.16 (1.10, 1.23). Impact Statement: We find that over 2.9 million US residents are served by public water systems with average fluoride concentrations exceeding the World Health Organization's guidance limit. We also find significant inequalities in community water system fluoride concentration estimates (2006-2011) across the US, especially for Hispanic/Latino communities who also experience elevated arsenic and uranium in regulated public drinking water systems. Our fluoride estimates can be leveraged in future epidemiologic studies to assess the potential association between chronic fluoride exposure and related adverse outcomes. (© 2023. The Author(s).) |
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| معلومات مُعتمدة: | DP5 OD031849 United States OD NIH HHS; P30 ES009089 United States ES NIEHS NIH HHS; P42 ES033719 United States ES NIEHS NIH HHS; R00 ES033274 United States ES NIEHS NIH HHS |
| فهرسة مساهمة: | Keywords: Drinking water; Environmental justice; Fluoride |
| المشرفين على المادة: | Q80VPU408O (Fluorides) 0 (Drinking Water) N712M78A8G (Arsenic) |
| تواريخ الأحداث: | Date Created: 20230630 Date Completed: 20240304 Latest Revision: 20240523 |
| رمز التحديث: | 20240523 |
| مُعرف محوري في PubMed: | PMC10756931 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41370-023-00570-w |
| PMID: | 37391608 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | MEDLINE |
Find this article in full text from Springer Verlag. 
Full Text Finder | تدمد: | 1559-064X |
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| DOI: | 10.1038/s41370-023-00570-w |