دورية أكاديمية
أعرض في EDS

Microelectrode evaluation of in situ oxidant reactivity and pH variability at new ductile iron and copper coupon surfaces.

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: Microelectrode evaluation of in situ oxidant reactivity and pH variability at new ductile iron and copper coupon surfaces.
المؤلفون: Lee WH; Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816-2450, USA., Wahman DG; Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA. Electronic address: wahman.david@epa.gov., Lytle DA; Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA., Pressman JG; Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA., Chung J; Department of Statistics and Data Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816-2370, USA.
المصدر: Water research [Water Res] 2023 Sep 01; Vol. 243, pp. 120352. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jul 13.
نوع المنشور: Journal Article
اللغة: English
بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Pergamon Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0105072 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-2448 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00431354 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Water Res Subsets: MEDLINE
أسماء مطبوعة: Original Publication: Oxford, Pergamon Press.
مواضيع طبية MeSH: Water Supply* , Copper*, Iron ; Oxidants ; Chlorine ; Microelectrodes ; Water ; Chlorides ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Corrosion
مستخلص: Thirty-two short term (∼7.5 h) abiotic experiments were conducted with new ductile iron and copper coupons exposed to various water qualities, including pH (7 or 9), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC, 10 or 50 mg C L -1 ) and phosphate (0 or 3 mg P L -1 ) concentrations and 4 mg Cl 2  L -1 free chlorine or monochloramine. To quantify oxidant reactivity with the new metal coupons, microelectrodes were used to obtain oxidant (free chlorine or monochloramine and dissolved oxygen (DO)) concentration and pH microprofiles from the bulk water to near the metal coupon surface. From the microprofiles, apparent surface reaction rate constants (k) were determined for each oxidant. An ANOVA analysis evaluated if the five variables (Material, Oxidant, Phosphate, DIC, and pH) significantly affected estimates of k, finding that the Material and Oxidant variables and their interaction were statistically significant (p<0.05), but the effect of variables of Phosphate, DIC, and pH on k values were not significant in this study. In general, both ductile iron and copper coupons showed significant surface reactivity towards free chlorine and monochloramine. For ductile iron, DO consumption was greater than for copper, which showed minimal DO reactivity, and DO was less reactive towards the copper surface than either free chlorine or monochloramine. Furthermore, pH microprofiles provided insight into the complexity that might exist near corroding metal surfaces where the bulk water pH may be substantially different from that measured near metal surfaces which is significant as pH is a controlling variable in terms of scale formation and metal solubility. This study represents an important first step towards using microelectrodes to (1) understand and provide direct measurement of oxidant microprofiles from the bulk water to the metal surface; (2) determine pipe wall reactivity using the directly measured concentrations profiles versus estimated pipe wall reactivity from bulk water measurements, and (3) understand how variables measured by bulk water samples (e.g., pH) may be drastically different from what is occurring at and near the metal surface. Together, these insights will assist in understanding disinfectant residual maintenance, corrosion, and metal release.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
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معلومات مُعتمدة: EPA999999 United States ImEPA Intramural EPA
فهرسة مساهمة: Keywords: Copper; Corrosion; Ductile iron; Early stage of corrosion; Free chlorine; Microelectrode; Monochloramine; pH
المشرفين على المادة: KW8K411A1P (chloramine)
789U1901C5 (Copper)
E1UOL152H7 (Iron)
0 (Oxidants)
4R7X1O2820 (Chlorine)
059QF0KO0R (Water)
0 (Chlorides)
تواريخ الأحداث: Date Created: 20230723 Date Completed: 20230907 Latest Revision: 20230928
رمز التحديث: 20240628
مُعرف محوري في PubMed: PMC10530564
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120352
PMID: 37482000
قاعدة البيانات: MEDLINE
الوصف
تدمد:1879-2448
DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2023.120352