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Chemometric Classification of Mangifera indica L. Leaf Cultivars, Based on Selected Phytochemical Parameters; Implications for Standardization of the Pharmaceutical Raw Materials.

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: Chemometric Classification of Mangifera indica L. Leaf Cultivars, Based on Selected Phytochemical Parameters; Implications for Standardization of the Pharmaceutical Raw Materials.
المؤلفون: Kaggwa B; Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Pharm-Bio Technology and Traditional Medicine Centre (PHARMBIOTRAC), P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda.; Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda., Nakayita MG; Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda., Munanura EI; Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda., Kyeyune H; Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda., Ajayi CO; Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Pharm-Bio Technology and Traditional Medicine Centre (PHARMBIOTRAC), P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda., Wangalwa R; Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda., Walakira DP; Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda., Anywar G; Makerere University, Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda., Bagoloire LK; Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda., Kakazi T; Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda., Ddamulira G; National Crops Resource Research Institute, P.O. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda., Kamba FP; Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda., Ogwang PE; Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Pharm-Bio Technology and Traditional Medicine Centre (PHARMBIOTRAC), P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda.; Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda.
المصدر: Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM [Evid Based Complement Alternat Med] 2023 Aug 04; Vol. 2023, pp. 7245876. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Aug 04 (Print Publication: 2023).
نوع المنشور: Journal Article
اللغة: English
بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Hindawi Pub Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101215021 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 1741-427X (Print) Linking ISSN: 1741427X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Evid Based Complement Alternat Med Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE
أسماء مطبوعة: Publication: 2011- : New York, NY : Hindawi Pub.
Original Publication: Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press, c2004-
مستخلص: Introduction: Mangifera indica leaves are among the most common materials employed in manufacturing herbal medicinal products. Despite the phytochemical variation of M. indica cultivars, there are no monographs to guide the cultivation, processing, and authentication of the materials.
Methods: This study characterized 15 Ugandan M. indica leaf varieties, with reference to extraction index (EI), total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (AOA), and mangiferin concentration (MC). In addition, HPLC fingerprints were established to evaluate the overall phytoequivalence of the materials. Then, using hierarchical clustering (HC) and principal component analysis (PCA), the materials were assigned quality grades.
Results: The mean EI was 9.39 ± 1.64% and varied among the varieties ( P =0.001); the TPC varied significantly ( P < 0.0001), from 183.29 ± 2.36 mg/g (Takataka) to 79.47 ± 0.58 mg/g (Apple mango). AOA ranged from 16.81 ± 2.85  μ g/mL (Doodo red) to 87.85  μ g/mL (Asante). MC varied significantly ( P < 0.0001), from 105.75 ± 0.60 mg/g (Kate) to 39.53 ± 0.30 mg/g (Asante). HC gave four major grades: A to D (A, varieties with the highest TPC, MC, and AOA). These parameters reduced to below average from group B to group D. The chromatographic fingerprints were visually similar, but the number of peaks varied, from 19 (Kawanda green) to 29 (Kawanda wide), with 23.5 ± 2.9 average peaks. Whole fingerprints were less similar ( r  < 0.8) than common peak fingerprints ( r  > 0.9, P < 0.001). PCA grouped the fingerprints into five clusters; loading plots for PC 1 and 2 revealed two important compounds, one at Rt = 15.828 minutes (mangiferin) and the other at 6.021 minutes. Using the standardized common fingerprints, unknown field samples clustered closely with Koona, Kate, and Kawanda green varieties.
Conclusions: The EI, TPC, MC, and AOA values can be utilized to monitor consistency in the quality of materials and the production process. The grades generated can be used to select materials for cultivation and manufacturing. Where minimum concentrations are set, materials of different concentrations are used to dilute or concentrate each other. The HPLC fingerprints can be utilized to authenticate the materials. More samples from different agroecological regions of the country should be tested to cater to climatic variations in order to develop GMP-compliant botanical identification methods.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
(Copyright © 2023 Bruhan Kaggwa et al.)
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تواريخ الأحداث: Date Created: 20230814 Latest Revision: 20230815
رمز التحديث: 20230815
مُعرف محوري في PubMed: PMC10421708
DOI: 10.1155/2023/7245876
PMID: 37576452
قاعدة البيانات: MEDLINE
الوصف
تدمد:1741-427X
DOI:10.1155/2023/7245876