دورية أكاديمية
أعرض في EDS

Unraveling Enterococcus susceptibility to quaternary ammonium compounds: genes, phenotypes, and the impact of environmental conditions.

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: Unraveling Enterococcus susceptibility to quaternary ammonium compounds: genes, phenotypes, and the impact of environmental conditions.
المؤلفون: Pereira AP; UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Antunes P; UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Bierge P; Laboratori de Recerca en Microbiologia i Malalties Infeccioses, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain.; Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain., Willems RJL; Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands., Corander J; Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.; Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Helsinki Institute of Information Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., Coque TM; Servicio de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain., Pich OQ; Laboratori de Recerca en Microbiologia i Malalties Infeccioses, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain.; Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain., Peixe L; UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Freitas AR; UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; 1H-TOXRUN, One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL., Gandra, Portugal., Novais C; UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
مؤلفون مشاركون: from the ESCMID Study Group on Food- and Water-borne Infections (EFWISG)
المصدر: Microbiology spectrum [Microbiol Spectr] 2023 Sep 22, pp. e0232423. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Sep 22.
Publication Model: Ahead of Print
نوع المنشور: Journal Article
اللغة: English
بيانات الدورية: Publisher: ASM Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101634614 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2165-0497 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 21650497 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Microbiol Spectr Subsets: MEDLINE
أسماء مطبوعة: Original Publication: Washington, DC : ASM Press, 2013-
مستخلص: Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) have been extensively used in the community, healthcare facilities, and food chain, in concentrations between 20 and 30,000 mg/L. Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are ubiquitous in these settings and are recognized as nosocomial pathogens worldwide, but QACs' activity against strains from diverse epidemiological and genomic backgrounds remained largely unexplored. We evaluated the role of Enterococcus isolates from different sources, years, and clonal lineages as hosts of QACs tolerance genes and their susceptibility to QACs in optimal, single-stress and cross-stress growth conditions. Only 1% of the Enterococcus isolates included in this study and 0.5% of publicly available Enterococcus genomes carried qacA/B, qacC, qacG, qacJ, qacZ, qrg, bcrABC or oqxAB genes, shared with >60 species of Bacillota, Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota, or Spirochaetota. These genes were generally found within close proximity of antibiotics and/or metals resistance genes. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of benzalkonium chloride (BC) and didecyldimethylammonium chloride ranged between 0.5 and 4 mg/L (microdilution: 37°C/20 h/pH = 7/aerobiosis) for 210 E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates (two isolates carrying qacZ ). Modified growth conditions (e.g., 22°C/pH = 5) increased MIC BC /MBC BC (maximum of eightfold and MBC BC = 16 mg/L) and changed bacterial growth kinetics under BC toward later stationary phases in both species, including in isolates without QACs tolerance genes. In conclusion, Enterococcus are susceptible to in-use QACs concentrations and rarely carry QACs tolerance genes. However, their potential gene exchange with different microbiota, the decreased susceptibility to QACs under specific environmental conditions, and the presence of subinhibitory QACs concentrations in various settings may contribute to the selection of particular strains and, thus, require a One Health strategy to maintain QACs effectiveness. IMPORTANCE Despite the increasing use of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), the susceptibility of pathogens to these antimicrobials remains largely unknown. Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis are susceptible to in-use QACs concentrations and are not main hosts of QACs tolerance genes but participate in gene transfer pathways with diverse bacterial taxa exposed to these biocides. Moreover, QACs tolerance genes often share the same genetic contexts with antibiotics and/or metals resistance genes, raising concerns about potential co-selection events. E. faecium and E. faecalis showed increased tolerance to benzalkonium chloride under specific environmental conditions (22°C, pH = 5), suggesting that strains might be selected in settings where they occur along with subinhibitory QACs concentrations. Transcriptomic studies investigating the cellular mechanisms of Enterococcus adaptation to QACs tolerance, along with longitudinal metadata analysis of tolerant populations dynamics under the influence of diverse environmental factors, are essential and should be prioritized within a One Health strategy.
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فهرسة مساهمة: Keywords: Bacillota; One Health; biocide; disinfection
تواريخ الأحداث: Date Created: 20230922 Latest Revision: 20231020
رمز التحديث: 20240628
مُعرف محوري في PubMed: PMC10581157
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02324-23
PMID: 37737589
قاعدة البيانات: MEDLINE
الوصف
تدمد:2165-0497
DOI:10.1128/spectrum.02324-23