دورية أكاديمية
Racial Disparity among Youth Decedents of Legal Intervention Trauma.
العنوان: | Racial Disparity among Youth Decedents of Legal Intervention Trauma. |
---|---|
المؤلفون: | Yu PT; From the Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery (Yu, Goodman, Guner), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA.; Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA (Yu, Goodman, Guner)., Goodman LF; From the Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery (Yu, Goodman, Guner), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA.; Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA (Yu, Goodman, Guner)., Riley JS; Division of Pediatric General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA (Riley, Peranteau)., Giron A; Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, The Bronx, NY (Giron)., Guner YS; From the Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery (Yu, Goodman, Guner), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA.; Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA (Yu, Goodman, Guner)., Peranteau WH; Division of Pediatric General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA (Riley, Peranteau)., Schomberg J; Trauma and Nursing Administration (Schomberg), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA. |
المصدر: | Journal of the American College of Surgeons [J Am Coll Surg] 2024 Feb 01; Vol. 238 (2), pp. 226-235. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Oct 20. |
نوع المنشور: | Journal Article |
اللغة: | English |
بيانات الدورية: | Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9431305 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-1190 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10727515 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Am Coll Surg Subsets: MEDLINE |
أسماء مطبوعة: | Publication: 2022- : [Baltimore, MD] : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. Original Publication: Chicago, Ill. : The College, c1994- |
مواضيع طبية MeSH: | Homicide* , Suicide*, Humans ; Adolescent ; United States/epidemiology ; Adult ; Cause of Death ; Population Surveillance ; Racial Groups |
مستخلص: | Background: Legal intervention trauma (LIT) is defined as injury due to any encounter with law enforcement. This study investigates associations between demographics, violent status, and law enforcement tactics among youth decedents of LIT. Study Design: Decedents of LIT age 26 years or younger were identified using the CDC's National Violent Death Reporting System from 2003 to 2018. Decedents were classified as "violent" if they possessed a weapon, were committing a violent crime, or if law enforcement reported justified use of force. All others were classified as "nonviolent." Law enforcement tactics were stratified into "lethal" (firearm with standard ammunition) or "less lethal" (any other) force. Differences in the racial distribution across these classifications were assessed using chi-square tests of proportions. Results: We identified 1,281 youth decedents of LIT; of which, 92.5% met violent criteria. Black youths were less likely than White youths to possess a weapon (71.6% vs 77.4%, p = 0.02) and were not more likely to be committing a violent crime (63.6% vs 60.4%, p = 0.27). They were, however, more likely than White youths to experience force reported as justified by law enforcement (89.9% vs 82.4%, p = 0.002) and to experience exclusively lethal force not preceded by less-lethal tactics (94.0% vs 88.7%, p = 0.001). Among the subset of 85 cases where law enforcement reported justified use of force despite the decedent not possessing a weapon or committing a violent crime, the precipitating event was more often a traffic stop for Black youths than for White youths (28.5% vs 6.66%, p = 0.02). Conclusions: These findings indicate a racial disparity among youth decedents of LIT. (Copyright © 2023 by the American College of Surgeons. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.) |
References: | Medicode (Firm). ICD-9-CM: International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification. 5th ed. Medicode; 1997. American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. National Trauma Database (NTDB). 2020. Available at: https://www.facs.org/quality-programs/trauma/quality/national-trauma-data-bank/ . Krieger N, Kiang MV, Chen JT, et al. Trends in US deaths due to legal intervention among black and white men, age 15-34 years, by county income level. Harv Public Heal Rev. 2015;3:1–5.. Buehler JW. Racial/ethnic disparities in the use of lethal force by US Police, 2010–2014. Am J Public Health. 2017;107:295–297.. Johnson O, St Vil C, Gilbert KL, et al. How neighborhoods matter in fatal interactions between police and men of color. Soc Sci Med. 2019;220:226–235.. BBC News. George Floyd: timeline of black deaths and protests. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52905408 . Accessed January 16, 2023. NPR. What we know about the killing of Tyre Nichols. Available at: https://www.npr.org/2023/01/28/1151504967/tyre-nichols-memphis-police-body-cam-video . Accessed February 1, 2023. Cutler GJ, Zagel AL, Spaulding AB, et al. Emergency department visits for pediatric firearm injuries by trauma center type. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2021;37:e686–e691.. Badolato GM, Boyle MD, McCarter R, et al. Racial and ethnic disparities in firearm-related pediatric deaths related to legal intervention. Pediatrics. 2020;146:e2020015917.. Gibbs E, Schomberg J, Wallace EL, et al. The role of race in pediatric legal intervention as a cause of injury. J Pediatr Surg. 2022;57:158–167.. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS). Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/datasources/nvdrs/index.html . Accessed January 2, 2023. Steenkamp M, Frazier L, Lipskiy N, et al. The National Violent Death Reporting System: an exciting new tool for public health surveillance. Inj Prev. 2006;12(suppl 2):ii3–ii5.. Bonnie RJ, Stroud C, Breiner H. Investing in the Health and Well-Being of Young Adults. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2015. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Violent crime. Available at: https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2010/crime-in-the-u.s.-2010/violent-crime . Accessed June 7, 2023. U.S. Government Accountability Office. Law enforcement: federal agencies should improve reporting and review of less-lethal force. Available at: https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-22-104470 . Accessed January 12, 2023. National Alliance on Mental Illness. Mental health by the numbers. Available at: https://www.nami.org/mhstats . Accessed January 2, 2023. Karnowski S. Chauvin murder conviction upheld in George Floyd Killing. AP News. Available at: https://apnews.com/article/chauvin-murder-appeals-court-6941a6074dcc310c85e4f3eab2be97eb . Accessed June 7, 2023. Cardozo Law Review. Defining necessary deadly force for police: a framework for interpreting California’s A.B. 392. Available at: http://cardozolawreview.com/defining-necessary-deadly-force-for-police-a-framework-for-interpreting-californias-a-b-392/ . Accessed January 2, 2023. National Institute of Justice. The use-of-force continuum. Available at: https://nij.ojp.gov/topics/articles/use-force-continuum . Accessed January 2, 2023. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Crime data explorer. Available at: https://cde.ucr.cjis.gov/LATEST/webapp/#/pages/home . Accessed February 1, 2023. Southern Poverty Law Center. SPLC action submits statement after “Police Use of Force and Community Relations” hearing on June 16. Available at: https://www.splcenter.org/presscenter/splc-action-submits-statement-after-police-use-force-and-community-relations-hearing . Accessed June 7, 2023. Congress.gov Library of Congress. H.R.1280—117th Congress (2021-2022): George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2021. Available at: https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/1280 . Accessed June 7, 2023. American College of Surgeons. Task force reports on how the ACS can confront racism in surgery. Bull Am Coll Surg. 2021:63–68. Available at: https://bulletin.facs.org/2021/01/task-force-reports-on-how-the-acs-can-confront-racism-in-surgery/ . Accessed December 13, 2022. Caiola S. Memphis approves traffic stop law, following Philly’s lead. WHYY News. Available at: https://whyy.org/articles/driving-equality-act-traffic-stop-laws-black-drivers-memphis/ . Accessed June 7, 2023. Shuler A. What impact has achieving driving equality law made in Philly? CBS News Philadelphia. Available at: https://www.cbsnews.com/philadelphia/news/what-impact-has-achieving-driving-equality-law-made-in-philly/ . Accessed June 7, 2023. Sullivan B. At hospital, the agony of not being able to help school shooting victims. NPR. Available at: https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/03/31/1167375561/nashville-school-shooting-vanderbilt-hospital . Accessed June 7, 2023. American College of Surgeons. The ACS calls for urgent, bipartisan action to address firearm violence public health crisis. Available at: https://www.facs.org/for-medical-professionals/news-publications/news-and-articles/press-releases/2022/acs-calls-for-action-to-address-firearm-violence-public-health-crisis/ . Accessed June 7, 2023. Edwards F, Esposito MH, Lee H. Risk of police-involved death by race/ethnicity and place, United States, 2012–2018. Am J Public Health. 2018;108:1241–1248.. Wertz J, Azrael D, Berrigan J, et al. A typology of civilians shot and killed by US Police: a latent class analysis of firearm legal intervention homicide in the 2014–2015 National Violent Death Reporting System. J Urban Health. 2020;97:317–328.. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NVDRS State Profiles. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/datasources/nvdrs/stateprofiles.html . Accessed January 2, 2023. United States Census Bureau. American Community Survey (2020) Demographics and Housing. Available at: https://data.census.gov/table?q=United+States+2020+age&t=Age&tid=ACSDP5Y2020.DP05 . Accessed January 2, 2023. |
تواريخ الأحداث: | Date Created: 20231020 Date Completed: 20240118 Latest Revision: 20240122 |
رمز التحديث: | 20240122 |
DOI: | 10.1097/XCS.0000000000000895 |
PMID: | 37861230 |
قاعدة البيانات: | MEDLINE |
تدمد: | 1879-1190 |
---|---|
DOI: | 10.1097/XCS.0000000000000895 |