دورية أكاديمية
أعرض في EDS

Energy Requirements of Paralympic Athletes: Insights from the Doubly Labeled Water Approach.

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: Energy Requirements of Paralympic Athletes: Insights from the Doubly Labeled Water Approach.
المؤلفون: Weijer VCR, Jonvik KL; Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, NORWAY., VAN Dam L; School of Sport and Exercise, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, THE NETHERLANDS., Risvang L; Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, NORWAY., Plasqui G; Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, THE NETHERLANDS., Sandbakk Ø; Center for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, NORWAY., Raastad T; Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, NORWAY., VAN Loon LJC, VAN Dijk JW; School of Sport and Exercise, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, THE NETHERLANDS.
المصدر: Medicine and science in sports and exercise [Med Sci Sports Exerc] 2024 May 01; Vol. 56 (5), pp. 963-971. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jan 10.
نوع المنشور: Journal Article
اللغة: English
بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8005433 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1530-0315 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01959131 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Med Sci Sports Exerc Subsets: MEDLINE
أسماء مطبوعة: Publication: Hagerstown, Md : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Original Publication: Madison, Wis., American College of Sports Medicine.
مواضيع طبية MeSH: Para-Athletes* , Basketball*, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Water ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Energy Metabolism ; Energy Intake ; Athletes ; Body Composition
مستخلص: Purpose: Advanced insight in energy requirements of Paralympic athletes is imperative for optimizing their nutritional counseling. Given the lack of accurate data on total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) of Paralympic athletes, this study aimed to assess energy expenditure and nutritional intake of a large cohort of Paralympic athletes, across different sports and disabilities.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 48 Dutch and Norwegian Paralympic athletes (19 male/29 female) with various disabilities, competing in Para cycling, wheelchair tennis, wheelchair basketball, Para Nordic skiing, and alpine skiing participated. TDEE was assessed by the gold standard doubly labeled water method over a 14-d period, resting metabolic rate by ventilated hood indirect calorimetry, energy intake by three unannounced 24-h dietary recalls, body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and exercise training duration by a training log.
Results: Mean TDEE was 2908 ± 797 kcal·d -1 , ranging from 2322 ± 340 kcal·d -1 for wheelchair basketball players to 3607 ± 1001 kcal·d -1 for Para cyclists. Regression analysis identified fat-free mass, exercise duration, and the presence of a spinal cord disorder as the primary predictors of TDEE, explaining up to 73% of the variance in TDEE. Athletes' energy intake (2363 ± 905 kcal·d -1 ) was below their TDEE, whereas their body mass remained constant, indicating underreporting. Carbohydrate intake (4.1 ± 1.9 g·kg -1 body mass) was low, even when considering underreporting, whereas protein intake (1.8 ± 0.6 g·kg -1 body mass) was relatively high.
Conclusions: Paralympic athletes display moderate- to high-energy expenditure, varying across sports and individuals. Much of the variation in TDEE can be attributed to individual differences in fat-free mass and exercise duration. This study establishes the benchmarks for energy requirements of Paralympic athletes, serving as the foundation for future dietary guidelines within this population.
(Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Sports Medicine.)
References: Abel T, Kröner M, Rojas VS, Peters C, Klose C, Platen P. Energy expenditure in wheelchair racing and handbiking-a basis for prevention of cardiovascular diseases in those with disabilities. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil . 2003;10(5):371–6.
Pelly FE, Broad EM, Stuart N, Holmes MA. Resting energy expenditure in male athletes with a spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med . 2018;41(2):208–15.
Broad EM, Newsome LJ, Dew DA, Barfield JP. Measured and predicted resting energy expenditure in wheelchair rugby athletes. J Spinal Cord Med . 2020;43(3):388–97.
Pontzer H, Yamada Y, Sagayama H, et al. Daily energy expenditure through the human life course. Science . 2021;373(6556):808–12.
Monroe MB, Tataranni PA, Pratley R, Manore MM, Skinner JS, Ravussin E. Lower daily energy expenditure as measured by a respiratory chamber in subjects with spinal cord injury compared with control subjects. Am J Clin Nutr . 1998;68(6):1223–7.
Hemingway C, McGrogan J, Freeman JM. Energy requirements of spasticity. Dev Med Child Neurol . 2001;43(4):277–8.
Fisher SV, Gullickson G Jr. Energy cost of ambulation in health and disability: a literature review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil . 1978;59(3):124–33.
Waters RL, Lunsford BR. Energy cost of paraplegic locomotion. J Bone Joint Surg Am . 1985;67(8):1245–50.
Conger SA, Bassett DR. A compendium of energy costs of physical activities for individuals who use manual wheelchairs. Adapt Phys Activ Q . 2011;28(4):310–25.
Price MJ, Campbell IG. Thermoregulatory responses of paraplegic and able-bodied athletes at rest and during prolonged upper body exercise and passive recovery. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol . 1997;76(6):552–60.
Price M. Energy expenditure and metabolism during exercise in persons with a spinal cord injury. Sports Med . 2010;40(8):681–96.
Broad E. Sports Nutrition for Paralympic Athletes . Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press; 2019.
Burke L, Deakin V. Clinical Sports Nutrition . Sydney (Australia): McGraw Hill; 2010.
Goosey-Tolfrey VL, Crosland J. Nutritional practices of competitive British wheelchair games players. Adapt Phys Activ Q . 2010;27(1):47–59.
Eskici G, Ersoy G. An evaluation of wheelchair basketball players' nutritional status and nutritional knowledge levels. J Sports Med Phys Fitness . 2016;56(3):259–68.
Krempien JL, Barr SI. Risk of nutrient inadequacies in elite Canadian athletes with spinal cord injury. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab . 2011;21(5):417–25.
Shuhart CR, Yeap SS, Anderson PA, et al. Executive summary of the 2019 ISCD position development conference on monitoring treatment, DXA cross-calibration and least significant change, spinal cord injury, peri-prosthetic and orthopedic bone health, transgender medicine, and pediatrics. J Clin Densitom . 2019;22(4):453–71.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): body composition procedures manual. 2021. Available at: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhanes/2021-2023/manuals/2021-Body-Composition-Procedures-508.pdf . Accessed June 2021.
Westerterp KR, Wouters L, van Marken Lichtenbelt WD. The Maastricht protocol for the measurement of body composition and energy expenditure with labeled water. Obes Res . 1995;3(Suppl 1):49–57.
Deurenberg P, Weststrate JA, Seidell JC. Body mass index as a measure of body fatness: age- and sex-specific prediction formulas. Br J Nutr . 1991;65(2):105–14.
Plasqui G, Rietjens G, Lambriks L, Wouters L, Saris WHM. Energy expenditure during extreme endurance exercise: the Giro d'Italia. Med Sci Sports Exerc . 2019;51(3):568–74.
Westerterp KR. Diet induced thermogenesis. Nutr Metab (Lond) . 2004;1(1):5.
Conway JM, Ingwersen LA, Vinyard BT, Moshfegh AJ. Effectiveness of the US Department of Agriculture 5-step multiple-pass method in assessing food intake in obese and nonobese women. Am J Clin Nutr . 2003;77(5):1171–8.
Ellis DG, Speakman J, Hambly C, et al. Case-study: energy expenditure of a world class male wheelchair tennis player during training, Grand Slam and British open tournaments measured by doubly labelled water. Int J Sports Sci Coach . 2023;19(2):857–63.
Gallagher D, Belmonte D, Deurenberg P, et al. Organ-tissue mass measurement allows modeling of REE and metabolically active tissue mass. Am J Physiol . 1998;275(2):E249–58.
Pontzer H, Durazo-Arvizu R, Dugas LR, et al. Constrained total energy expenditure and metabolic adaptation to physical activity in adult humans. Curr Biol . 2016;26(3):410–7.
Buchholz AC, McGillivray CF, Pencharz PB. Differences in resting metabolic rate between paraplegic and able-bodied subjects are explained by differences in body composition. Am J Clin Nutr . 2003;77(2):371–8.
Bauman WA, Spungen AM, Wang J, Pierson R Jr. The relationship between energy expenditure and lean tissue in monozygotic twins discordant for spinal cord injury. J Rehabil Res Dev . 2004;41(1):1–8.
Polfuss M, Sawin KJ, Papanek PE, et al. Total energy expenditure and body composition of children with developmental disabilities. Disabil Health J . 2018;11(3):442–6.
Hou S, Rabchevsky AG. Autonomic consequences of spinal cord injury. Compr Physiol . 2014;4(4):1419–53.
Monroe MB, Seals DR, Shapiro LF, Bell C, Johnson D, Jones PP. Direct evidence for tonic sympathetic support of resting metabolic rate in healthy adult humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab . 2001;280(5):E740–4.
Welle S, Schwartz RG, Statt M. Reduced metabolic rate during β-adrenergic blockade in humans. Metabolism . 1991;40(6):619–22.
O’Neill JER, Corish CA, Horner K. Accuracy of resting metabolic rate prediction equations in athletes: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports Med . 2023;53(12):2373–98.
Capling L, Beck KL, Gifford JA, Slater G, Flood VM, O’Connor H. Validity of dietary assessment in athletes: a systematic review. Nutrients . 2017;9(12):1313.
Flueck JL. Nutritional considerations for Para-cycling athletes: a narrative review. Sports (Basel) . 2021;9(11):154.
Burke LM, Cox GR, Culmmings NK, Desbrow B. Guidelines for daily carbohydrate intake: do athletes achieve them? Sports Med . 2001;31(4):267–99.
McHaffie SJ, Langan-Evans C, Morehen JC, et al. Carbohydrate fear, skinfold targets and body image issues: a qualitative analysis of player and stakeholder perceptions of the nutrition culture within elite female soccer. Sci Med Footb . 2022;6(5):675–85.
Flueck JL, Parnell JA. Protein considerations for athletes with a spinal cord injury. Front Nutr . 2021;8:652441.
Black A, Prentice A, Coward W. Use of food quotients to predict respiratory quotients for the doubly-labelled water method of measuring energy expenditure. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr . 1986;40(5):381–91.
Macdiarmid J, Blundell J. Assessing dietary intake: who, what and why of under-reporting. Nutr Res Rev . 1998;11(2):231–53.
المشرفين على المادة: 059QF0KO0R (Water)
تواريخ الأحداث: Date Created: 20240109 Date Completed: 20240416 Latest Revision: 20240416
رمز التحديث: 20240416
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003379
PMID: 38194704
قاعدة البيانات: MEDLINE
الوصف
تدمد:1530-0315
DOI:10.1249/MSS.0000000000003379