دورية أكاديمية

A balancing act: drifting away from the reflexive use of "ab"normal saline.

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: A balancing act: drifting away from the reflexive use of "ab"normal saline.
المؤلفون: Wang L; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA. lwang4@childrensnational.org., Dixon C; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA., Nhan J; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA., Kakajiwala A; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
المصدر: Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) [Pediatr Nephrol] 2024 Aug; Vol. 39 (8), pp. 2325-2335. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jan 18.
نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Review
اللغة: English
بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Springer International Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 8708728 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1432-198X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0931041X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Pediatr Nephrol Subsets: MEDLINE
أسماء مطبوعة: Publication: Berlin : Springer International
Original Publication: Berlin : Springer International, c1987-
مواضيع طبية MeSH: Fluid Therapy*/methods , Fluid Therapy*/adverse effects , Hyponatremia*/prevention & control , Hyponatremia*/etiology , Saline Solution*/administration & dosage, Humans ; Child ; Acidosis/prevention & control ; Acidosis/chemically induced ; Acute Kidney Injury/prevention & control ; Acute Kidney Injury/etiology ; Acute Kidney Injury/chemically induced ; Hyperkalemia/etiology ; Hyperkalemia/prevention & control ; Hyperkalemia/chemically induced
مستخلص: Maintenance intravenous fluids are the most frequently ordered medications for hospitalized children. Since the American Association of Pediatrics published national guidelines, there has been an increased reflexive use of isotonic solutions, especially 0.9% saline, as a prophylaxis against hyponatremia. In this educational review, we discuss the potential deleterious effects of using 0.9% saline, including the development of hyperchloremia, metabolic acidosis, acute kidney injury, hyperkalemia, and a proinflammatory state. Balanced solutions with anion buffers cause relatively minimal harm when used in most children. While the literature supporting one fluid choice over the other is variable, we highlight the benefits of balanced solutions over saline and the importance of prescribing fluid therapy that is individualized for each patient.
(© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to International Pediatric Nephrology Association.)
References: Segar J, Brophy P (2019) Maintenance intravenous fluids. Pediatrics 143:e20190030A. (PMID: 3092662110.1542/peds.2019-0030A)
Santi M, Lava SAG, Camozzi P, Giannini O, Milani GP, Simonetti GD et al (2015) The great fluid debate: saline or so-called “balanced” salt solutions? Ital J Pediatr 41:47. (PMID: 26108552447931810.1186/s13052-015-0154-2)
Semler MW, Kellum JA (2019) Balanced crystalloid solutions. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 199:952–960. (PMID: 30407838646731310.1164/rccm.201809-1677CI)
Feld LG, Neuspiel DR, Foster BA, Leu MG, Garber MD, Austin K et al (2018) Clinical practice guideline: maintenance intravenous fluids in children. Pediatrics 142:e20183083. (PMID: 3047824710.1542/peds.2018-3083)
Kinlin LM, Helmers AJ, Friedman JN, Beck CE (2020) Choice of maintenance intravenous fluids among paediatric residents in Canada. Paediatr Child Health 25:518–524. (PMID: 3335426110.1093/pch/pxz093)
Akinsola B, Cheng J, Iyer SB, Jain S (2021) Improving isotonic maintenance intravenous fluid use in the emergency department. Pediatrics 148:e2020022947. (PMID: 3415831410.1542/peds.2020-022947)
Latta T (1832) Saline venous injection in cases of malignant cholera, performed while in the vapour-bath. Lancet 19:208–209. (PMID: 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)95140-8)
O’Shaughnessy WB (1831) Proposal of a new method of treating the blue epidemic cholera by the injection of highly-oxygenised salts into the venous system. Lancet 17:366–371. (PMID: 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)94163-2)
Awad S, Allison SP, Lobo DN (2008) The history of 0.9% saline. Clin Nutr 27:179–188. (PMID: 1831380910.1016/j.clnu.2008.01.008)
Ringer S (1883) A further contribution regarding the influence of the different constituents of the blood on the contraction of the heart. J Physiol 4(29–42):3.
Ringer S (1882) Concerning the influence exerted by each of the constituents of the blood on the contraction of the ventricle. J Physiol 3:380–393. (PMID: 16991333148510410.1113/jphysiol.1882.sp000111)
Hartmann AF, Senn MJ (1932) Studies in the metabolism of sodium R-lactate. I. Response of normal human subjects to the intravenous injection of sodium R-lactate. J Clin Invest 11:327–335. (PMID: 1669404143581610.1172/JCI100414)
Hartmann AF, Senn MJ (1932) Studies in the metabolism of sodium R-lactate. II. Response of human subjects with acidosis to the intravenous injection of sodium R-lactate. J Clin Invest 11:337–344. (PMID: 1669404243581710.1172/JCI100415)
Hartmann AF, Senn MJ (1932) Studies in the metabolism of sodium R-lactate. II. Response of human subjects with liver damage, disturbed water and mineral balance, and renal insufficiency to the intravenous injection of sodium R-lactate. J Clin Invest 11:345–355. (PMID: 1669404343581810.1172/JCI100416)
Darrow DC (1950) Fluid therapy: relation to tissue composition and the expenditure of water and electrolyte. J Am Med Assoc 143:365. (PMID: 1541527210.1001/jama.1950.82910390009011)
Wallace WM (1953) Quantitative requirements of the infant and child for water and electrolyte under varying conditions. Am J Clin Pathol 23:1133–1141. (PMID: 1310434810.1093/ajcp/23.11.1133)
Holliday MA, Segar WE (1957) The maintenance need for water in parenteral fluid therapy. Pediatrics 19:823–832. (PMID: 1343130710.1542/peds.19.5.823)
McCrory WW, Macaulay D (1957) Idiopathic hyponatremia in an infant with diffuse cerebral damage. Pediatrics 20:23–32. (PMID: 1344137410.1542/peds.20.1.23)
Moritz ML, Ayus JC (2005) Preventing neurological complications from dysnatremias in children. Pediatr Nephrol 20:1687–1700. (PMID: 1607998810.1007/s00467-005-1933-6)
Cowley DM, Pabari M, Sinton TJ, Johnson S, Carroll G, Ryan WE (1988) Pathogenesis of postoperative hyponatraemia following correction of scoliosis in children. Aust N Z J Surg 58:485–489. (PMID: 307789810.1111/j.1445-2197.1988.tb06240.x)
Easley D, Tillman E (2013) Hospital-acquired hyponatremia in pediatric patients: a review of the literature. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 18:105–111. (PMID: 237989043668938)
Lauriat SM, Berl T (1997) The hyponatremic patient: practical focus on therapy. J Am Soc Nephrol 8:1599–1607. (PMID: 933539010.1681/ASN.V8101599)
Carandang F, Anglemyer A, Longhurst CA, Krishnan G, Alexander SR, Kahana M et al (2013) Association between maintenance fluid tonicity and hospital-acquired hyponatremia. J Pediatr 163:1646–1651. (PMID: 2399851710.1016/j.jpeds.2013.07.020)
Moritz ML, Ayus JC (2015) Maintenance intravenous fluids in acutely ill patients. N Engl J Med 373:1350–1360. (PMID: 2642272510.1056/NEJMra1412877)
Wang J, Xu E, Xiao Y (2014) Isotonic versus hypotonic maintenance IV fluids in hospitalized children: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics 133:105–113. (PMID: 2437923210.1542/peds.2013-2041)
McNab S, Ware RS, Neville KA, Choong K, Coulthard MG, Duke T et al (2014) Isotonic versus hypotonic solutions for maintenance intravenous fluid administration in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 12:CD009457.
National Clinical Guideline Centre (2015) IV fluids in children: intravenous fluid therapy in children and young people in hospital. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK), London.
Foster BA, Tom D, Hill V (2014) Hypotonic versus isotonic fluids in hospitalized children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pediatr 165:163-169.e2. (PMID: 2458210510.1016/j.jpeds.2014.01.040)
Padua AP, Macaraya JRG, Dans LF, Anacleto FE (2015) Isotonic versus hypotonic saline solution for maintenance intravenous fluid therapy in children: a systematic review. Pediatr Nephrol 30:1163–1172. (PMID: 2557606510.1007/s00467-014-3033-y)
Yang G, Jiang W, Wang X, Liu W (2015) The efficacy of isotonic and hypotonic intravenous maintenance fluid for pediatric patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pediatr Emerg Care 31:122–126. (PMID: 2565467910.1097/PEC.0000000000000352)
Choong K, Kho ME, Menon K, Bohn D (2006) Hypotonic versus isotonic saline in hospitalised children: a systematic review. Arch Dis Child 91:828–835. (PMID: 16754657206602410.1136/adc.2005.088690)
Li H, Sun SR, Yap JQ, Chen JH, Qian Q (2016) 0.9% saline is neither normal nor physiological. J Zhejiang Univ-Sci B 17:181–187. (PMID: 26984838479450910.1631/jzus.B1500201)
Barhight MF, Lusk J, Brinton J, Stidham T, Soranno DE, Faubel S et al (2018) Hyperchloremia is independently associated with mortality in critically ill children who ultimately require continuous renal replacement therapy. Pediatr Nephrol 33:1079–1085. (PMID: 2940468910.1007/s00467-018-3898-2)
Barhight MF, Brinton J, Stidham T, Soranno DE, Faubel S, Griffin BR et al (2018) Increase in chloride from baseline is independently associated with mortality in critically ill children. Intensive Care Med 44:2183–2191. (PMID: 3038230710.1007/s00134-018-5424-1)
Stenson EK, Cvijanovich NZ, Anas N, Allen GL, Thomas NJ, Bigham MT et al (2018) Hyperchloremia is associated with complicated course and mortality in pediatric patients with septic shock. Pediatr Crit Care Med 19:155–160. (PMID: 29394222579800110.1097/PCC.0000000000001401)
Stenson EK, Cvijanovich NZ, Allen GL, Thomas NJ, Bigham MT, Weiss SL et al (2018) Hyperchloremia is associated with acute kidney injury in pediatric patients with septic shock. Intensive Care Med 44:2004–2005. (PMID: 3032428910.1007/s00134-018-5368-5)
Barhight MF, Brinton JT, Soranno DE, Faubel S, Mourani PM, Gist KM (2020) Effects of hyperchloremia on renal recovery in critically ill children with acute kidney injury. Pediatr Nephrol 35:1331–1339. (PMID: 3215272610.1007/s00467-020-04513-7)
Semler MW, Self WH, Wanderer JP, Ehrenfeld JM, Wang L, Byrne DW et al (2018) Balanced crystalloids versus saline in critically ill adults. N Engl J Med 378:829–839. (PMID: 29485925584608510.1056/NEJMoa1711584)
Self WH, Semler MW, Wanderer JP, Wang L, Byrne DW, Collins SP et al (2018) Balanced crystalloids versus saline in noncritically ill adults. N Engl J Med 378:819–828. (PMID: 29485926584661810.1056/NEJMoa1711586)
Scioscia A, Horvat C, Moritz ML, Fuhrman D (2022) Balanced crystalloids versus normal saline in children with critical asthma. Children 9:1480. (PMID: 36291416960118110.3390/children9101480)
Astrup F, Andersen OS, Jørgensen K, Engel K (1960) The acid-base metabolism. Lancet 275:1035–1039. (PMID: 10.1016/S0140-6736(60)90930-2)
Stewart P (1983) Modern quantitative acid-base chemistry. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 61:1444–1461. (PMID: 642324710.1139/y83-207)
Lehr AR, Rached-d’Astous S, Barrowman N, Tsampalieros A, Parker M, McIntyre L et al (2022) Balanced versus unbalanced fluid in critically ill children: systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Crit Care Med 23:181–191. (PMID: 34991134888785210.1097/PCC.0000000000002890)
Allen CH, Goldman RD, Bhatt S, Simon HK, Gorelick MH, Spandorfer PR et al (2016) A randomized trial of Plasma-Lyte A and 0.9 % sodium chloride in acute pediatric gastroenteritis. BMC Pediatr 16:117. (PMID: 27480410496963510.1186/s12887-016-0652-4)
Kartha GB, Rameshkumar R, Mahadevan S (2017) Randomized double-blind trial of Ringer lactate versus normal saline in pediatric acute severe diarrheal dehydration. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 65:621–626. (PMID: 2842281210.1097/MPG.0000000000001609)
Chowdhury AH, Cox EF, Francis LDN (2012) A randomized, controlled, double-blind crossover study on the effects of 2-L infusions of 0.9% saline and Plasma-Lyte® 148 on renal blood flow velocity and renal cortical tissue perfusion in healthy volunteers. Ann Surg 256:18–24. (PMID: 2258094410.1097/SLA.0b013e318256be72)
Barhight MF, Selewski DT (2023) Hyperchloremia and acute kidney injury: chicken or the egg? Pediatr Nephrol 38:1999–2001. (PMID: 3675293110.1007/s00467-023-05895-0)
Sankar J, Muralidharan J, Lalitha AV et al (2023) Multiple electrolytes solution versus saline as bolus fluid for resuscitation in pediatric septic shock: a multicenter randomized clinical trial. Crit Care Med 51:1449–1460. (PMID: 3729414510.1097/CCM.0000000000005952)
Barhight MF, Nelson D, Moran T, Christiano J, Sanchez-Pinto LN (2021) Association between the use of balanced fluids and outcomes in critically ill children: a before and after study. Crit Care 25:266. (PMID: 34325729831988510.1186/s13054-021-03705-3)
Selkurt EE (1951) Effect of pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure modification on renal hemodynamics and electrolyte and water excretion. Circulation 4:541–551. (PMID: 1487026610.1161/01.CIR.4.4.541)
Reid F, Lobo DN, Williams RN, Rowlands BJ, Allison SP (2003) (Ab)normal saline and physiological Hartmann’s solution: a randomized double-blind crossover study. Clin Sci 104:17–24. (PMID: 10.1042/cs1040017)
Wu J, Nie J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wu D (2020) Relationship between saline infusion and blood pressure variability in non-critically patients with hypertension: a retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 99:e21468. (PMID: 3287186910.1097/MD.0000000000021468)
Sun Q, Wu Y, Jonusaite S, Pleinis JM, Humphreys JM, He H et al (2018) Intracellular chloride and scaffold protein mo25 cooperatively regulate transepithelial ion transport through WNK signaling in the Malpighian tubule. J Am Soc Nephrol 29:1449–1461. (PMID: 29602832596777610.1681/ASN.2017101091)
Passmore JC, Jimenez AE (1990) Separate hemodynamic roles for chloride and sodium in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension. Exp Biol Med 194:283–288. (PMID: 10.3181/00379727-194-43092)
Palmer BF, Clegg DJ (2019) Physiology and pathophysiology of potassium homeostasis: core curriculum 2019. Am J Kidney Dis 74:682–695. (PMID: 3122722610.1053/j.ajkd.2019.03.427)
Kellum JA, Mingchen S, Eyad A (2006) Hyperchloremic acidosis increases circulating inflammatory molecules in experimental sepsis. Chest 130:962–967. (PMID: 1703542510.1378/chest.130.4.962)
de-Madaria E, Herrera-Marante I, González-Camacho V, Bonjoch L, Quesada-Vázquez N, Almenta-Saavedra I et al (2018) Fluid resuscitation with lactated Ringer’s solution vs normal saline in acute pancreatitis: a triple-blind, randomized, controlled trial. United Eur Gastroenterol J 6:63–72. (PMID: 10.1177/2050640617707864)
Wu BU, Hwang JQ, Gardner TH, Repas K, Delee R, Yu S et al (2011) Lactated Ringer’s solution reduces systemic inflammation compared with saline in patients with acute pancreatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 9:710-717.e1. (PMID: 2164563910.1016/j.cgh.2011.04.026)
Cheung-Flynn J, Alvis BD, Hocking KM, Guth CM, Luo W, McCallister R et al (2019) Normal Saline solutions cause endothelial dysfunction through loss of membrane integrity, ATP release, and inflammatory responses mediated by P2X7R/p38 MAPK/MK2 signaling pathways. PLoS One 14:e0220893.
Fernández-Sarmiento J, Salazar-Peláez LM, Acevedo L, Niño-Serna LF, Flórez S, Alarcón-Forero L et al (2023) Endothelial and glycocalyx biomarkers in children with sepsis after one bolus of unbalanced or balanced crystalloids. Pediatr Crit Care Med 24:213–221. (PMID: 3659824610.1097/PCC.0000000000003123)
Bellomo R, Morimatsu H, Presneill J, French C, Cole L, Story D et al (2009) Effects of saline or albumin resuscitation on standard coagulation tests. Crit Care Resusc 11:250–256. (PMID: 20001872)
Brummel-Ziedins K, Whelihan M, Ziedins E, Mann K (2006) The resuscitative fluid you choose may potentiate bleeding. J Trauma 61:1350–1358. (PMID: 1715967610.1097/01.ta.0000235525.64176.01)
Ince C, Groeneveld ABJ (2014) The case for 0.9% NaCl: is the undefendable, defensible? Kidney Int 86:1087–1095. (PMID: 2500716710.1038/ki.2014.193)
Liu X, Lu M (2023) Normal saline: past, present, and future. Sci Prog 106:00368504231168821. (PMID: 370735831045028610.1177/00368504231168821)
Chang R, Holcomb JB (2016) Choice of fluid therapy in the initial management of sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock. Shock 46:17–26. (PMID: 26844975490577710.1097/SHK.0000000000000577)
Cull DL, Lally KP, Murphy KD (1991) Compatibility of packed erythrocytes and Ringer’s lactate solution. Surg Gynecol Obstet 173:9–12. (PMID: 1866680)
Blumberg N, Cholette JM, Pietropaoli AP, Phipps R, Spinelli SL, Eaton MP et al (2018) 0.9% NaCl (normal saline)—perhaps not so normal after all? Transfus Apher Sci 57:127–131. (PMID: 29523397589964410.1016/j.transci.2018.02.021)
Lorenzo M, Davis JW, Negin S, Kaups K, Parks S, Brubaker D et al (1998) Can Ringer’s lactate be used safely with blood transfusions? Am J Surg 175:308–310. (PMID: 956865810.1016/S0002-9610(98)00011-7)
Albert K, van Vlymen J, James P, Parlow J (2009) Ringer’s lactate is compatible with the rapid infusion of AS-3 preserved packed red blood cells. Can J Anaesth 56:352–356. (PMID: 1934049310.1007/s12630-009-9070-5)
Sterns RH (2019) Evidence for managing hypernatremia: is it just hyponatremia in reverse? Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 14:645–647. (PMID: 31064771650093610.2215/CJN.02950319)
Zampieri FG, Machado FR, Biondi RS, Freitas FGR, Veiga VC, Figueiredo RC et al (2021) Effect of intravenous fluid treatment with a balanced solution vs 0.9% saline solution on mortality in critically ill patients: the BaSICS randomized clinical trial. JAMA 326:818. (PMID: 10.1001/jama.2021.11684)
Seyberth HW (2016) Pathophysiology and clinical presentations of salt-losing tubulopathies. Pediatr Nephrol 31:407–418. (PMID: 2617864910.1007/s00467-015-3143-1)
Zitek T, Skaggs ZD, Rahbar A, Patel J, Khan M (2018) Does intravenous lactated Ringer’s solution raise serum lactate? J Emerg Med 55:313–318. (PMID: 3003751410.1016/j.jemermed.2018.05.031)
Didwania A, Miller J, Kassel D, Jackson EV, Chernow B (1997) Effect of intravenous lactated Ringer’s solution infusion on the circulating lactate concentration: part 3. Results of a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Crit Care Med 25:1851–1854. (PMID: 936676910.1097/00003246-199711000-00024)
Avula S, Parikh S, Demarest S, Kurz J, Gropman A (2014) Treatment of mitochondrial disorders. Curr Treat Options Neurol 16:292. (PMID: 24700433406759710.1007/s11940-014-0292-7)
Kwong YD, Liu KD (2018) In the literature: selection of intravenous fluids. Am J Kidney Dis 72:900–902. (PMID: 29980374668434510.1053/j.ajkd.2018.05.007)
Lehr AR, Rached-d’Astous S, Parker M, McIntyre L, Sampson M, Hamid J et al (2019) Impact of balanced versus unbalanced fluid resuscitation on clinical outcomes in critically ill children: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 8:195. (PMID: 31383009668351210.1186/s13643-019-1109-2)
Khajavi MR, Etezadi F, Moharari RS, Imani F, Meysamie AP, Khashayar P et al (2008) Effects of normal saline vs. lactated Ringer’s during renal transplantation. Ren Fail 30:535–539. (PMID: 1856993510.1080/08860220802064770)
Modi MP, Vora KS, Parikh GP, Shah VR (2012) A comparative study of impact of infusion of Ringer’s lactate solution versus normal saline on acid-base balance and serum electrolytes during live related renal transplantation. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transplant 23:135–137.
O’Malley CMN, Frumento RJ, Hardy MA, Benvenisty AI, Brentjens TE, Mercer JS et al (2005) A randomized, double-blind comparison of lactated Ringer’s solution and 0.9% NaCl during renal transplantation. Anesth Analg 100:1518–1524. (PMID: 1584571810.1213/01.ANE.0000150939.28904.81)
Weinberg L, Harris L, Bellomo R, Ierino FL, Story D, Eastwood G et al (2017) Effects of intraoperative and early postoperative normal saline or Plasma-Lyte 148® on hyperkalaemia in deceased donor renal transplantation: a double-blind randomized trial. Br J Anaesth 119:606–615. (PMID: 2912128210.1093/bja/aex163)
Young P, Bailey M, Beasley R, Henderson S, Mackle D, McArthur C et al (2015) Effect of a buffered crystalloid solution vs saline on acute kidney injury among patients in the intensive care unit: the SPLIT randomized clinical trial. JAMA 314:1701–1710. (PMID: 2644469210.1001/jama.2015.12334)
Raghunathan K, Shaw A, Nathanson B, Stürmer T, Brookhart A, Stefan MS et al (2014) Association between the choice of IV crystalloid and in-hospital mortality among critically ill adults with sepsis. Crit Care Med 42:1585–1591. (PMID: 2467492710.1097/CCM.0000000000000305)
Raghunathan K, Bonavia A, Nathanson BH, Beadles CA, Shaw AD, Brookhart MA et al (2015) Association between initial fluid choice and subsequent in-hospital mortality during the resuscitation of adults with septic shock. Anesthesiology 123:1385–1393. (PMID: 2641449910.1097/ALN.0000000000000861)
Finfer S, Micallef S, Hammond N, Navarra L, Bellomo R, Billot L et al (2022) Balanced Multielectrolyte Solution versus Saline in Critically Ill Adults. N Engl J Med 386:815–826. (PMID: 3504178010.1056/NEJMoa2114464)
Zampieri FG, Machado FR, Biondi RS, Freitas FGR, Veiga VC, Figueiredo RC et al (2022) Association between type of fluid received prior to enrollment, type of admission, and effect of balanced crystalloid in critically ill adults: a secondary exploratory analysis of the BaSICS clinical trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 205:1419–1428. (PMID: 3534939710.1164/rccm.202111-2484OC)
Jackson KE, Wang L, Casey JD, Bernard GR, Self WH, Rice TW et al (2021) Effect of early balanced crystalloids before ICU admission on sepsis outcomes. Chest 159:585–595. (PMID: 3288224410.1016/j.chest.2020.08.2068)
Weiss SL, Balamuth F, Long E, Thompson GC, Hayes KL, Katcoff H et al (2021) PRagMatic Pediatric Trial of Balanced vs nOrmaL Saline FlUid in Sepsis: study protocol for the PRoMPT BOLUS randomized interventional trial. Trials 22:776. (PMID: 34742327857206110.1186/s13063-021-05717-4)
Collins MG, Fahim MA, Pascoe EM, Hawley CM, Johnson DW, Varghese J et al (2023) Balanced crystalloid solution versus saline in deceased donor kidney transplantation (BEST-Fluids): a pragmatic, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet 402:105–117. (PMID: 3734357610.1016/S0140-6736(23)00642-6)
Wagener G, Bezinover D, Wang C, Kroepfl E, Diaz G, Giordano C et al (2021) Fluid management during kidney transplantation: a consensus statement of the Committee on Transplant Anesthesia of the American Society of Anesthesiologists. Transplantation 105:1677–1684. (PMID: 3332376510.1097/TP.0000000000003581)
Efune GE, Zerillo J, Zhou G, Mazzeffi MA, Demaria S, Wang C et al (2020) Intravenous fluid management practices in kidney transplant patients: a multicenter observational cohort pilot study. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 24:256–264. (PMID: 3199444410.1177/1089253220901665)
فهرسة مساهمة: Keywords: 0.9% saline; Balanced solutions; Hyperchloremia; Intravenous fluids
المشرفين على المادة: 0 (Saline Solution)
تواريخ الأحداث: Date Created: 20240117 Date Completed: 20240625 Latest Revision: 20240625
رمز التحديث: 20240625
DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06271-8
PMID: 38233719
قاعدة البيانات: MEDLINE
الوصف
تدمد:1432-198X
DOI:10.1007/s00467-023-06271-8