Comparative morphology of oral glands in snakes of the family Homalopsidae reveals substantial variation and additional independent origins of salt glands within Serpentes.

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان:	Comparative morphology of oral glands in snakes of the family Homalopsidae reveals substantial variation and additional independent origins of salt glands within Serpentes.
المؤلفون:	de Oliveira L; Laboratório de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil., Gower DJ; Natural History Museum, London, UK., Wilkinson M; Natural History Museum, London, UK., Segall M; Natural History Museum, London, UK.
المصدر:	Journal of anatomy [J Anat] 2024 May; Vol. 244 (5), pp. 708-721. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jan 18.
نوع المنشور:	Journal Article
اللغة:	English
بيانات الدورية:	Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0137162 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1469-7580 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00218782 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Anat Subsets: MEDLINE
أسماء مطبوعة:	Publication: 2002- : Oxford : Blackwell Publishing Original Publication: London, Cambridge Univ. Press [etc.].
مواضيع طبية MeSH:	Salt Gland* , Colubridae*/anatomy & histology, Animals ; Snakes/anatomy & histology ; Mouth ; Salivary Glands
مستخلص:	Using diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography (diceCT), we examined the morphology of the oral glands of 12 species of the family Homalopsidae. Snakes of this family exhibit substantial interspecific morphological variation in their oral glands. Particular variables are the venom glands, ranging from large (e.g., Subsessor bocourti) to small (e.g., Erpeton tentaculatum). The supra- and infralabial glands are more uniform in morphology, being the second most developed in almost all the sampled species. Premaxillary glands distinct from the supralabial glands were observed in five species (Myron richardsonii, Bitia hydroides, Cantoria violacea, Fordonia leucobalia, and Gerarda prevostiana), in addition to Cerberus rynchops, the only species in which this condition was previously documented associated with the excretion of salt. In the three species of the saltwater group of homalopsids (C. violacea, F. leucobalia, and G. prevostiana), the premaxillary glands also extend posteriorly, occupying a large area above the supralabial gland, a condition not observed in any other species of snake studied thus far. Character evolution analyses indicate that premaxillary glands differentiated from the supralabial gland and evolved independently three or four times in the family, always in lineages that invaded marine habitats. Our results suggest that the differentiated premaxillary glands are likely salt glands, as is the case in C. rynchops. If corroborated, this increases to six or seven the number of independent evolutionary origins of salt glands in snakes that have undergone an evolutionary transition to marine life. (© 2024 Anatomical Society.)
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معلومات مُعتمدة:	101024700 H2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions; FAPESP 2017/25089-5 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; FAPESP 2018/09301-7 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
فهرسة مساهمة:	Keywords: diceCT; non‐front‐fanged snakes; premaxillary glands; salt excretion; sublingual glands; venom glands
تواريخ الأحداث:	Date Created: 20240118 Date Completed: 20240418 Latest Revision: 20240419
رمز التحديث:	20240419
مُعرف محوري في PubMed:	PMC11021688
DOI:	10.1111/joa.14005
PMID:	38234265
قاعدة البيانات:	MEDLINE

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تدمد:	1469-7580
DOI:	10.1111/joa.14005