دورية أكاديمية
Applying microelectrodes to investigate aged ductile iron and copper coupon reactivity during free chlorine application.
| العنوان: | Applying microelectrodes to investigate aged ductile iron and copper coupon reactivity during free chlorine application. |
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| المؤلفون: | Liggett JE; College of Engineering and Applied Science, Department 2600 Clifton Ave, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA., Gonzalez BC; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Post-Doctoral Fellow at U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA., Lytle DA; Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA., Pressman JG; Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA., Dionysiou DD; Environmental Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45211, USA., Lee WH; Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816-2450, USA., Harmon SM; Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA., Wahman DG; Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA. Electronic address: wahman.david@epa.gov. |
| المصدر: | Water research [Water Res] 2024 Apr 01; Vol. 253, pp. 121324. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Feb 15. |
| نوع المنشور: | Journal Article |
| اللغة: | English |
| بيانات الدورية: | Publisher: Pergamon Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0105072 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-2448 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00431354 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Water Res Subsets: MEDLINE |
| أسماء مطبوعة: | Original Publication: Oxford, Pergamon Press. |
| مواضيع طبية MeSH: | Chlorine* , Drinking Water*, Copper ; Water Supply ; Iron ; Microelectrodes ; Halogens ; Chlorides ; Phosphates ; Corrosion |
| مستخلص: | In drinking water distribution systems, including premise plumbing, dissolved oxygen (DO) and free chlorine (FC) are common oxidants and ductile iron (DI) and copper (Cu) are commonly used pipe materials. Microelectrodes as a tool have been applied in previous corrosion research and were used in this study to collect quantifiable data and understand DO and FC reactivity and pH changes at the water-metal interface. Using microelectrodes, pH, DO, and FC profiles from the bulk water to near and at the surface of aged DI (154-190 d) and Cu (2 d and 86-156 d) coupons were investigated during periods of flow and stagnation (30 min). Using the measured microelectrode profiles, oxidant fluxes and apparent surface reaction rate constants were calculated to elucidate differences between DO and FC reactivity with the coupons. Microelectrodes were successfully applied to measure pH, DO, and FC profiles from the bulk water to near aged DI and Cu coupon surfaces; Cu coupons aged quickly and exhibited less reactivity at 2 d with DO and FC than aged DI coupons did after 154-190 d; and for the aged DI coupon experiments, orthophosphate presence stabilized pH profiles where without orthophosphate pH fluctuations of greater than 2 pH units occurred from the bulk water to the DI coupon surface. Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.) |
| فهرسة مساهمة: | Keywords: Copper; Corrosion; Ductile iron; Free chlorine; Microelectrode; Orthophosphate |
| المشرفين على المادة: | 4R7X1O2820 (Chlorine) 789U1901C5 (Copper) E1UOL152H7 (Iron) 0 (Halogens) 0 (Drinking Water) 0 (Chlorides) 0 (Phosphates) |
| تواريخ الأحداث: | Date Created: 20240221 Date Completed: 20240318 Latest Revision: 20240318 |
| رمز التحديث: | 20240318 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121324 |
| PMID: | 38382294 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | MEDLINE |
Full Text Finder | تدمد: | 1879-2448 |
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| DOI: | 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121324 |