دورية أكاديمية
أعرض في EDS

A Scoping Review of Otologic Manifestations of Hematologic Malignancies.

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: A Scoping Review of Otologic Manifestations of Hematologic Malignancies.
المؤلفون: Raymond MJ, Ottinger A; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC., Rowley MA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC., Bobian M; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC., Dornhoffer J; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC., Brennan E, Rizk HG; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
المصدر: Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology [Otol Neurotol] 2024 Apr 01; Vol. 45 (4), pp. 362-375. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Feb 28.
نوع المنشور: Systematic Review; Review; Journal Article
اللغة: English
بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 100961504 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1537-4505 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15317129 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Otol Neurotol Subsets: MEDLINE
أسماء مطبوعة: Original Publication: Hagerstown, MD : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, c2001-
مواضيع طبية MeSH: Facial Paralysis*/complications , Multiple Myeloma*/complications , Hearing Loss*/etiology , Hematologic Neoplasms*/complications , Deafness*/complications , Leukemia*/complications , Bell Palsy*/complications , Lymphoma*/complications, Humans ; Earache ; Recurrence
مستخلص: Objective: To examine the otologic and neurotologic symptoms, physical examination findings, and imaging features secondary to hematologic malignancies.
Methods: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL, were searched for articles including patients with otologic manifestations of leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Data collected included patient and study demographics, specific hematologic malignancy, timing and classification of otologic symptoms, physical examination findings, imaging features and methods of diagnosis. Pooled descriptive analysis was performed.
Results: Two hundred seventy-two articles, of which 255 (93.8%) were case reports and 17 (6.2%) were case series, reporting on 553 patients were identified. Otologic manifestations were reported on 307 patients with leukemia, 204 patients with lymphoma and 42 patients with multiple myeloma. Hearing loss and unilateral facial palsy were the most common presenting symptoms for 111 reported subjects with leukemia (n = 46, 41.4%; n = 43, 38.7%) and 90 with lymphoma (n = 38, 42.2%; n = 39, 43.3%). Hearing loss and otalgia were the most common presenting symptoms for 21 subjects with multiple myeloma (n = 10, 47.6%; n = 6, 28.6%). Hearing loss and unilateral facial palsy were the most common otologic symptoms indicative of relapse in subjects with leukemia (n = 14, 43.8%) and lymphoma (n = 5, 50%).
Conclusion: Hearing loss, facial palsy, and otalgia might be the first indication of a new diagnosis or relapse of leukemia, lymphoma, or multiple myeloma. Clinicians should have a heightened level of suspicion of malignant etiologies of otologic symptoms in patients with current or medical histories of these malignancies.
Competing Interests: Funding and Conflicts of Interest: None.
(Copyright © 2024, Otology & Neurotology, Inc.)
References: Schwab MJurlander J. Hematological Malignancies, Leukemias and Lymphomas, ed. In: Encyclopedia of Cancer .  Springer; 2011:1640–4.
Druss JG. Aural manifestations of leukemia. Arch Otolaryngol (1925) 1945;42:267–74.
Shanbrom E, Finch SC. The auditory manifestations of leukemia. Yale J Biol Med 1958;31:144–56.
Paparella MM, Berlinger NT, Oda M, el-Fiky F. Otological manifestations of leukemia. Laryngoscope 1973;83:1510–26.
Terao K, Cureoglu S, Schachern PA, et al. Pathologic correlations of otologic symptoms in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Am J Otolaryngol 2011;32:13–8.
Gidley PW, Thompson CR, Roberts DB, Weber RS. The results of temporal bone surgery for advanced or recurrent tumors of the parotid gland. Laryngoscope 2011;121:1702–7.
Lin C-T, Chiang C-W, Young Y-H. Acute hearing loss in patients with hematological disorders. Acta Otolaryngol 2015;135:673–80.
Wang YT, Su HH, Hou Y, et al. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the cerebellopontine angle in a patient with sudden hearing loss and facial palsy. J Chin Med Assoc 2007;70:294–7.
Keay D. Total bilateral hearing loss as a complication of myeloma. J Laryngol Otol 1988;102:357–8.
Joshi A, Jiang D, Singh P, Moffat D. Skull base presentation of multiple myeloma. Ear Nose Throat J 2011;90:E6–9.
Duggal R, Rana A, Vaid A, Sood N, Handa KK. Bilateral tonsillar enlargement as a first manifestation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma with an unusual interfollicular pattern of infiltration. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2016;32(Suppl 1):152–5.
Paryani SB, Donaldson SS, Amylon MD, Link MP. Cranial nerve involvement in children with leukemia and lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 1983;1:542–5.
Lakhotia M, Pahadiya HR, Kumar H, et al. Bilateral facial palsy a rare presenting symptom of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with CNS and BM relapses. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2015;6:630–2.
Leite da Silveira P, Gonçalves Silva V, Rizzato Paschoal J, Nizam Pfeilsticker L. Bilateral peripheral facial palsy and mastoid infiltration as symptoms of relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2015;132:41–3.
Arber DA, Orazi A, Hasserjian R, et al. The 2016 revision to the World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia. Blood 2016;127:2391–405.
Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Pileri SA, et al. The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms. Blood 2016;127:2375–90.
Howick J, Chalmers I, Glasziou P. OCEBM Levels of Evidence Working Group ‘The Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence’: Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine . Oxford; 2011.
Moola S, Munn Z, Tufanaru C, et al. Chapter 7: Systematic reviews of etiology and risk. In: Aromataris E, Munn Z, eds. JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis .  JBI; 2020. Available from https://synthesismanual.jbi.global .
Shaar GS, Singletary EM. Complete senorineural hearing loss as an initial presentation of leukemia. Am J Emerg Med 1999;17:625–7.
Devulapalli KK, Smith LC. Acute bilateral hearing loss in peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Med Oncol 2013;30:427.
Khaw B, Sivalingam S, Pathamanathan SS, Tan TS, Naicker M. Simultaneous non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the external auditory canal and thyroid gland: a case report. Ear Nose Throat J 2014;93:508–11.
Madaan P, Jauhari P, Chakrabarty B, et al. Bilateral facial palsy in lymphomatous meningitis. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2021;24:85–6.
Abdalla AM. Facial nerve paralysis: an early manifestation of acute leukemia. CANJOTOLARYNGOL 1973;2:163–6.
Abitbol C, François M, Quesnel S, Demondion S. Bilateral facial palsy in a child. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2016;133:151–2.
Abrar S, Ali N, Qureshi BM, Abbasi AN. Extramedullary plasmacytoma: rare neoplasm of parotid gland. BMJ Case Rep 2018;2018:bcr2017222367.
Acar GO, Acioğlu E, Enver O, Ar C, Sahin S. Unilateral sudden hearing loss as the first sign of chronic myeloid leukemia. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2007;264:1513–6.
Adelson RT, Samy RN, Lindberg G. T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia presenting as an ear canal mass. Otol Neurotol 2004;25:1006–8.
Afifi AM, Tawfeek S. Deafness due to Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia. J Laryngol Otol 1971;85:275–80.
Ahn AI, Wren MK, Meyer TA. Skull base plasmacytoma with conductive hearing loss and an external auditory canal mass. Ear Nose Throat J 2012;91:E1–5.
Aikawa T, Ohtani I. Temporal bone findings in central nervous system leukemia. Am J Otolaryngol 1991;12:320–5.
Akinboyo IC, Crane GM, Chen L, Arav-Boger R. A 17-year-old boy with right face palsy, left leg weakness, and lytic skull-bone lesions. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2018;7:350–4.
Akyay A, Tuncel U, Ozturkmen S, et al. Granulocytic sarcoma manifesting as otomastoiditis, facial nerve paralysis and unilateral hearing loss. J Intl Adv Otol 2011;7:125–9.
AlEnazi A, Alhedaithy R, Alfayez A, Alghonaim Y. Acute profound sensorineural hearing loss as the initial manifestation of hairy cell leukemia, case report and literature review. Int J Surg Case Rep 2019;60:200–3.
Alimam SM, Mamat MK, Kulkarni S, Somervaille TC. Sudden onset bilateral deafness as a presentation of chronic myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2013;160:3.
Aljafar HM, Alsuhibani SS, Alahmari MS, Alzahrani MA. Temporal bone metastasis as a sign of relapsing chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Saudi Med J 2015;36:1233–5.
Almadori G, Del Ninno M, Cadoni G, Di Mario A, Ottaviani F. Facial nerve paralysis in acute otomastoiditis as presenting symptom of FAB M2, T8;21 leukemic relapse. Case report and review of the literature. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1996;36:45–52.
Amo Y, Tanei R, Yonemoto K, Katsuoka K, Mori M. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma associated with skin, muscle and cranial nerve involvement. Eur J Dermatol 2000;10:306–8.
Amoils M, Truong MT. Burkitt lymphoma presenting as facial nerve paresis. Intl J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol Extra 2016;13:9–12.
Andrès E, Kurtz JE, Maloisel F, Dufour P. Otological manifestations of acute leukaemia: report of two cases and review of literature. Clin Lab Haematol 2001;23:57–60.
Anthony S. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting with multiple cranial nerve deficits. Optometry 2010;81:510–5.
Babl FE, Kochar A, Osborn M, et al. Risk of leukemia in children with peripheral facial palsy. Ann Emerg Med 2021;77:174–7.
Bahethi RR, Kinberg E, Kidwai S, et al. Acute myeloid leukemia presenting as a spontaneous hemotympanum: a case report and review of the literature. Otolaryngology Case Reports 2020;15:100155.
Benlidayı İC, Aytan P, Gökçen N, et al. Bilateral facial paralysis in a patient with B-cell low grade lymphoma and its rehabilitation. Turkiye Fiziksel Tip ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 2016;62:67–9.
Berciano J, Jiménez C, Figols J, et al. Primary leptomeningeal lymphoma presenting as cerebellopontine angle lesion. Neuroradiology 1994;36:369–71.
Berger JR, Jones R, Wilson D. Intravascular lymphomatosis presenting with sudden hearing loss. J Neurol Sci 2005;232(1–2):105–9.
Berger MH, Chen S, Sidani C, Younis R. Bilateral facial paralysis as presenting symptoms in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Otol Neurotol 2016;37:e412–3.
Best-Aguilera CR, Vazquez-Del Mercado M, Muñoz-Valle JF, et al. Massive myeloid sarcoma affecting the central nervous system, mediastinum, retroperitoneum, liver, and rectum associated with acute myeloblastic leukaemia: a case report. J Clin Pathol 2005;58:325–7.
Bhatia ML, Gupta KR, Mishra SC. Vertigo and deafness in myeloid leukaemia. Indian J Otolaryngol 1970;22:6–10.
Bhatia PL, Samant HG, Gupta OP, Hussain MK, Singh VP. Otological manifestations in leukemia. Indian J Otolaryngol 1977;29:162–6.
Bilavsky E, Scheuerman O, Marcus N, Hoffer V, Garty BZ. Facial paralysis as a presenting symptom of leukemia. Pediatr Neurol 2006;34:502–4.
Blioskas S, Tsaligopoulos M, Kyriafinis G, et al. Bilateral secondary neurolymphomatosis of the internal auditory canal nerves: a case report. Am J Otolaryngol 2013;34:556–8.
Bouanani N, Aasfara J, Hajjij A, Ouhabi H. Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting with an unusual horizontal nystagmus and vertigo. Tunis Med 2020;98:869–72.
Breccia M, Petti MC, Testi AM, et al. Ear involvement in acute promyelocytic leukemia at relapse: a disease-associated 'sanctuary'? Leukemia 2002;16:1127–30.
Budhiraja S, Sagar P, Rajeshwari M, Kumar R. Rare initial presentation of acute myeloid leukemia as facial palsy. Ind J Med Paediatr Oncol 2018;39:555–7.
Buffin JT. A neurological disorder preceding Hodgkin's sarcoma. J Laryngol Otol 1967;81:1131–42.
Bugueno JM, Jacobs BE, Hexner EO, Greenberg MS. Bilateral facial paralysis in a non-Hodgkin lymphoma during remission period: a rare but an important condition to be investigated. Am J Emerg Med 2016;34:2463.e2465–7.
Buyukavci M, Tan H, Akdag R. An alarming sign for serious diseases in children: bilateral facial paralysis. Pediatr Neurol 2002;27:312–3.
Cabot RC, Harris NL, Shepard JA, et al. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 36-2010. A 50-year-old woman with pain and loss of hearing in the left ear. N Engl J Med 2010;363:2146–56.
Calzada AP, Go JL, Tschirhart DL, Brackmann DE, Schwartz MS. Cerebellopontine angle and intracanalicular masses mimicking vestibular schwannomas. Otol Neurotol 2015;36:491–7.
Cankaya H, Ugras S, Dilek I. Head and neck granulocytic sarcoma with acute myeloid leukemia: three rare cases. Ear Nose Throat J 2001;80:224–6 228-9.
Cass ND, Gubbels SP, Portnuff CDF. Sudden bilateral hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo as presenting symptoms of chronic myeloid leukemia. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2018;127:731–4.
Chae SW, Cho JH, Lee JH, Kang HJ, Hwang SJ. Sudden hearing loss in chronic myelogenous leukaemia implicating the hyperviscosity syndrome. J Laryngol Otol 2002;116:291–3.
Chemas-Valez M, Chamorro Rodriguez M, Ospina J, Tallez P. A case of myeloid sarcoma presenting as a mass in the external auditory canal and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Virtual 2021.
Cherchi M, Huo E, Nelson N, Frankfurt O, Russell E. Gradual hearing loss with bilateral labyrinthine hemorrhage in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Neurology 2006;67:177–8.
Chiang LY, Crawford JR, Kuo DJ. Unilateral facial nerve palsy as an early presenting symptom of relapse in a paediatric patient with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. BMJ Case Rep 2017;2017:bcr2017219501.
Chiang SK, Canalis RF, Ishiyama A, Eversole LR, Becker DP. Plasmacytoma of the temporal bone. Am J Otolaryngol 1998;19:267–73.
Chim CS, Woo JK. Deafness in chronic myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 1997;26(1–2):209–10.
Choi JH, Nath J, Chang A. Erratum: MRI findings of vestibulocochlear hemorrhage in a leukemic patient with sensorineural hearing loss (Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography (2002) 26:5 (699-700)). J Comput Assist Tomogr 2003;27:103.
Cholongitas E, Papadakis E, Kaklamanis L, Dasenaki M. Peripheral facial palsy in elderly: not always a benign condition. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2009;9:100–1.
Chua SL, Seymour JF, Prince HM. Deafness from eighth cranial nerve involvement in a patient with large-cell transformation of mycosis fungoides. Eur J Haematol 2000;64:340–3.
Cohen JB, Cavaliere R, Byrd JC, Andritsos LA. Hearing loss due to infiltration of the tympanic membrane by chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Case Rep Hematol 2012;2012:589718.
Costello MS, Stevens S, Samy RN. Unilateral hearing loss and otorrhea. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017;143:727–8.
Crovetto M, Márquez JA, Ereño C, et al. Granulocytic sarcoma presenting as atypical mastoiditis with facial paralysis: description of a case. Case Rep Otolaryngol 2011;2011:191852.
Danchaivijitr N, Hesselink JR, Aryan HE, Herndier B. Cerebello-pontine angle (CPA) lymphoma with perineural extension into the middle fossa: case report. Surg Neurol 2004;62:80–5.
Dandapath A, Nandi D, Roy A, Sengupta P. Malignant lymphoma-middle ear. Indian J Otolaryngol 1981;33:30–1.
Danino J, Joachims HZ, Ben-Arieh Y, Hefer T, Weyl-Ben-Arush M. T cell lymphoma of the ear presenting as mastoiditis. J Laryngol Otol 1997;111:852–4.
Davis AL, Gangatharan S, Kuthubutheen J. Unusual case of unilateral conductive hearing loss: chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. BMJ Case Rep 2018;2018:bcr2017223444.
Deeren D, Deleu L. False positive Borrelia serology and facial paralysis due to anaplastic lymphoma mimicking lyme. Acta Clin Belg 2012;67:56 author reply 57.
Diao M, Tian F, Sun J. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss as the first manifestation of chronic myeloid leukaemia: case report. J Laryngol Otol 2014;128:1015–7.
Ding C, Huang Y, Shi M, et al. CD20-negative primary middle ear diffuse large B-cell lymphoma coexpressing MYC and BCL-2 secondary to acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019;98:e15204.
Dutta TK, Hamide A, Singh NP, Ramesh J. Mononeuropathy multiplex cranialis in a case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma mistaken as paraneoplastic syndrome. J Indian Med Assoc 1995;93:396.
Effat KG, Naguib AW. Simultaneous leukaemic infiltrate and cholesteatoma in the same temporal bone. J Laryngol Otol 1998;112:867–9.
Enam SA, Ali R. B-cell lymphoma of the brainstem with central neurogenic hyperventilation. J Pak Med Assoc 2011;61:925–7.
Engelsma RJ, De Bree R, Janssen JJ, Scheeren RA. Plasmacytoma of the mastoid bone: solitary and systemic. J Laryngol Otol 2000;114:378–80.
Erck S, Ruff T, Lenis A. A rare cause of reversible sensorineural hearing loss. J Otolaryngol 1993;22:121–4.
Eser B, Cetin M, Kontas O, et al. Facial nerve paralysis and paraplegia as presenting symptoms of acute myeloid leukemia. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2001;31:86–8.
Feng L, Chen D, Zhou H, et al. Spinal primary central nervous system lymphoma: case report and literature review. J Clin Neurosci 2018;50:16–9.
Ferrari J, Lang W, Thurnher S, Müllauer L, Raderer M. Bilateral facial nerve palsy as first indication of relapsing hairy cell leukemia after 36 years. Neurology 2004;63:399–400.
Finsterer J, Panny M. Facial diplegia as initial manifestation of acute, myelomonocytic leukemia with isolated trisomy 47, XY,+11[14]/46, XY[6]. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2017;8:451–4.
Funakubo T, Kikuchi A. A case of myeloma with facial palsy. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 1994;511:200–3.
Garth RJ, Coddington R, Brightwell AP. Primary cerebral lymphoma presenting with bilateral cerebellopontine angle lesions. J Laryngol Otol 1993;107:937–9.
Garvey PH, Lawrence JS. Facial diplegia in lymphatic leukemia. JAMA 1933;101:1941–4.
Gastaldi M, Ferrario A, Basilico C, et al. Primary leptomeningeal CNS lymphoma presenting as bilateral facial nerve palsy. J Neurol Sci 2014;344(1–2):234–5.
Genden EM, Bahadori RS. Bilateral sensorineural hearing loss as a first symptom of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1995;113:499–501.
Gibson J, Brennan DJ, Kronenberg H. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia complicated by recurrent Bell's palsy. Acta Haematol 1987;77:124–5.
Glynn F, Keogh IJ, Ali TA, Timon CI, Donnelly M. Routine nasopharyngeal biopsy in adults presenting with isolated serous otitis media: is it justified? J Laryngol Otol 2006;120:439–41.
Goh BS, Tang CL, Tan GC. Myeloid sarcoma of temporal bone: a rare manifestation of relapse acute myeloid leukemia. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019;71(Suppl 2):1023–6.
Gokcan MK, Batikhan H, Calguner M, Tataragasi AI. Unilateral hearing loss as a presenting manifestation of granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma). Otol Neurotol 2006;27:106–9.
Gokce M, Unal S, Bayrakçı B, Tuncer M. Chronic myeloid leukemia presenting with visual and auditory impairment in an adolescent: an insight to management strategies. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2010;26:96–8.
Gold HL, Grynspan D, Kanigsberg N. Leukemia cutis and facial nerve palsy as presenting symptoms of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Dermatol 2014;31:393–5.
Gonçalves DU, Felipe L, Carneiro-Proietti AB, et al. Myelopathy and adult T-cell leukemia associated with HTLV-1 in a young patient with hearing loss as the initial manifestation of disease. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2009;42:336–7.
Goron AR, Devlin S, Schwartz S. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma recurrence presenting as multiple, progressive cranial neuropathies. BMJ Case Reports 2019;12:1–4.
Gotay V. Unusual otologic manifestation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Laryngoscope 1976;86:1856–63.
Greene JJ, Keefe MW, Harris JP, Matsuoka AJ. Paraneoplastic syndrome: a masquerade of autoimmune inner ear disease. Otol Neurotol 2015;36:e3–10.
Gupta RK, Malik MK. Leukaemia presenting as deafness. Indian J Med Sci 1979;33:38–40.
Hallpike CS, Harrison MS. Clinical and pathological observations of a case of leukaemia with deafness and vertigo. J Laryngol Otol 1950;64:427–30.
Harada T, Namiki S, Kawabata I. Acute profound sensorineural hearing loss as the initial manifestation of acute leukemia—report of a case. Auris Nasus Larynx 2000;27:359–62.
Harada Y, Shirota T, Hayashi T. Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma with initial deafness. Int J Hematol 2000;71:66–9.
Harner SG, Olsen KD, Banks PM, O'Connell MJ. Lymphocytic lymphoma involving the middle ear. Mayo Clin Proc 1980;55:645–7.
Hiraumi H, Yamamoto N, Sakamoto T, Ito J. Peripheral facial palsy caused by neoplastic meningitis. Laryngoscope 2014;124:2139–43.
Ho TP, Carrie S, Meikle D, Wood KM. T-cell lymphoma presenting as acute mastoiditis with a facial palsy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2004;68:1199–201.
Hoistad DL, Hain TC. Central hearing loss with a bilateral inferior colliculus lesion. Audiol Neurootol 2003;8:111–3.
Hong RS, Woodson EA, Hansen MR. Neurolymphomatosis mimicking chemotherapy-induced ototoxicity. Otol Neurotol 2009;30:566–9.
Howell A, Gough J. Acute lymphatic leukæmia with facial diplegia and double abducens palsy. Lancet 1932;219:723–4.
Howell J, Segel J, Jajosky R, et al. Acute facial paralysis and otomastoiditis as presenting symptoms of myeloid sarcoma. Otol Neurotol 2015;36:e104–6.
Hsu YC, Su CY, Hsu RF. Unilateral sudden hearing loss as a presenting manifestation of chronic myeloid leukemia: case report. Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery 2004;130:271–3.
Huang K, Lei Z, Ying T, Zhou L, Tong Y. Cell-block cytology in diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma: a case report. Medicine 2020;99:1–5.
Ierokomos A, Goin DW. Primary CNS lymphoma in the cerebellopontine angle. Report of a case. Arch Otolaryngol 1985;111:50–2.
Inamura H, Tada Y, Takahashi N, Aoyagi M. Magnetic resonance imaging findings in a patient with bilateral facial paralysis due to malignant lymphoma. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 2000;542:58–61.
Jayashankar N, Kodur S, Patkar D, Verma M. Primary lymphoma of internal acoustic meatus mimicking vestibular Schwannoma—a rare diagnostic dilemma. J Neurol Surg Rep 2021;82:e1–5.
Jenabi A, Mooraki A, Jabbari M, et al. Multifocal cranial plasmablastic lymphoma as a rare manifestation of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Iran J Kidney Dis 2012;6:380–5.
Joseph DE, Durosinmi MA. Neurological complications of chronic myeloid leukaemia: any cure? Niger J Clin Pract 2008;11:246–9.
Juhn YJ, Inoue S. Facial nerve palsy as an early manifestation of relapse in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Ear Nose Throat J 1996;75:157–60.
Jun HJ, Choi J, Kim KM, Chae SW. Multiple myeloma with isolated plasmacytoma in temporal bone. Otol Neurotol 2013;34:e107–8.
Kan S, Ikeda T. Gd-DTPA enhancement of cranial nerves on MR imaging. Neoplastic lesions. Acta Neurol Scand 1999;100:400–6.
Kandiloros DC, Nikolopoulos TP, Ferekidis EA, et al. Primary extramedullary plasmacytoma in the middle ear: differential diagnosis and management. J Laryngol Otol 1994;108:868–70.
Kanyike FB, Kigonya RM. Nerve deafness, dysarthria and ataxia in chronic granulocytic leukaemia—a case report. East Afr Med J 1982;59:420–4.
Kanzaki S, Saito H, Mori T, et al. Thirteen-month-old boy with malignant lymphoma having symptoms mimicking acute otitis media and mastoiditis with facial palsy. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2011;73:266–70.
Kapoor R, Khunger JM, Sharma A, Sachdeva S. The paradox of recurrent with rare: a rare case of bilateral proptosis and facial palsy in acute myeloid leukemia with recurrent cytogenetic translocation t(8:21). Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2015;5:76–8.
Kapur S, Wax M, Miles L, Hussain A. Permanent sensorineural deafness in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia secondary to intracranial hemorrhage. Case Rep Hematol 2013;2013:894141.
Karimi M, Cohan N, Zareifar S, et al. Initial presentation of childhood leukaemia with facial palsy: three case reports. BMJ Case Rep 2009;2009:bcr1020081046.
Katz J, Polliack A, Harushouski I, Ben Oliel R, Marmary Y. Bell's palsy as a sign of Burkitt's lymphoma in children. Blood 1995;86:2052.
Kawamura S, Yamada M, Nonoyama Y, et al. Intrameatal tumours presenting as a hearing disturbance: case reports of meningioma and lymphoma. Acta Neurochir 1998;140:675–9.
Kayhan FT, Kaya H, Yazici ZM, et al. Bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss as a first sign of chronic myeloid leukemia. J Intl Adv Otol 2010;6:288–90.
Keim RJ, Sachs GB. Positional nystagmus in association with macroglobulinemia. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1975;84(2 part 1):223–7.
Khajeh A, Miri Aliabad G, Fayyazi A, Soleimani G, Keikha R. Chronic myelogenous leukemia presenting with facial nerve palsy in an infant. Iran J Child Neurol 2018;12:122–5.
Khalatbari MR, Hamidi M, Moharamzad Y. Gradenigo's syndrome as first presentation of solitary osseous plasmacytoma of the petrous apex. Archives of Iranian Medicine (AIM) 2014;17:526–8.
Kim CH, Lee HS, Kim SY, Shin JE. Unusual tumors obstructing the external auditory canal: report of two cases. J Audiol Otol 2019;23:59–62.
Kim K, Kim MJ, Ahn S, et al. Frontal sinus lymphoma presenting as progressive multiple cranial nerve palsy. Yonsei Med J 2011;52:1044–7.
Kishimoto I, Yamazaki H, Naito Y, et al. Clinical features of rapidly progressive bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Acta Otolaryngol 2014;134:58–65.
Kjolby M, Müller K, Schumacher M. Cerebellopontine angle primary diffuse large B cell (non-Hodgkins) lymphoma mimicking an acoustic schwannoma. Eur J Radiol Extra 2006;60:93–6.
Klausen OG, Lind O, Mella O. Facial nerve paralysis caused by tumor-forming chronic lymphatic leukemia: a case report. J Otolaryngol 1990;19:76–8.
Kletzker GR, Smith PG, McIntire LD, Leonetti JP. Presentation and management of uncommon lesions of the middle ear. Am J Otolaryngol 1995;16:634–42.
Krishnamurthy S, Weinstock AL, Smith SH, Duffner PK. Facial palsy, an unusual presenting feature of childhood leukemia. Pediatr Neurol 2002;27:68–70.
Kubota K, Ozeki M, Hori T, et al. Facial palsy as an unusual presenting symptom associated with acute myeloid leukemia. Pediatr Int 2014;56:e37–40.
Kulkarni KP, Marwaha RK, Trehan A, Bansal D. Isolated right anterior chamber relapse in a patient of acute lymphoblastic leukemia presenting with facial nerve palsy. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2009;31:990.
Kumar S, Das S, Goyal JL, Chauhan D, Sangit V. Bilateral orbital tumor formation and isolated facial palsy in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. Int Ophthalmol 2005;26:235–7.
Kurtz JE, Andrés E, Veillon F, et al. Hearing loss due to acute leukemia. Am J Med 2000;109:509–10.
Lang EE, Walsh RM, Leader M. Primary middle-ear lymphoma in a child. J Laryngol Otol 2003;117:205–7.
Lee AC, Wong LG. Facial palsy, corticosteroids, and acute leukemia. Pediatr Neurol 2007;36:137 author reply 137-138.
Lee Ronis M, Rojer CL, Ronis BJ. Otologic manifestations of Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia. Laryngoscope 1966;76:513–23.
Lee SH, Wiernik PH. Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma presenting with bilateral hearing loss: a case report. Med Oncol 2007;24:109–13.
Lenarz M, Durisin M, Becker H, Lenarz T, Nejadkazem M. Primary central nervous system lymphoma presenting as bilateral tumors of the internal auditory canal. Skull Base 2007;17:409–12.
Levin N, Soffer D, Grissaru S, et al. Primary T-cell CNS lymphoma presenting with leptomeningeal spread and neurolymphomatosis. J Neuro-Oncol 2008;90:77–83.
Levy R, Har-El G, Segal K, Sidi J. Acute myelogenous leukemia presenting as facial nerve palsy. A case report. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1986;12:49–53.
Levy R, Shvero J, Sandbank J. Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) of the temporal bone. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1989;18:163–9.
Li B, Liu S, Yang H, Wang W. Primary T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma in the middle ear. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2016;82:19–22.
Li W, Schachern PA, Morizono T, Paparella MM. The temporal bone in multiple myeloma. Laryngoscope 1994;104(6 Pt 1):675–80.
Lilleyman JS, Antoniou AG, Sugden PJ. Facial nerve palsy in acute leukaemia. Scand J Haematol 1979;22:87–90.
Lim SH, Nam HN, Lim KI, Jeon IS. A case of myeloid sarcoma presenting with an orbital mass, hearing loss, and multiple cranial neuropathies. Turk J Pediatr 2018;60:322–5.
Lin Y, Huang M, Wang F, et al. Primary large B-cell lymphoma involving the cerebellopontine angle: a case report. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2020;13:2612–4.
Liu YL, Tung CL, Yang YL, et al. Precursor B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma of the ear in a 7-year-old child. J Clin Oncol 2012;30:e184–7.
Liyang T, Schubert M, Marlowe A, Weinreich H, Tang L. Bilateral hearing and vestibular loss in a patient with untreated chronic myeloid leukemia. JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery 2017;143:736–7.
Lucena RV, Fernandes YCF, Pazinatto DB, Maunsell RCK. Bilateral facial paralysis and deafness in a child treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Case Rep Otolaryngol 2019;2019:7126043.
Mahindra S, Daljit R, Soon P, Bazaz-Malik G. Leukaemic deposits in the middle ear cleft. Indian J Otolaryngol 1977;29:90–1.
Maithrea N, Periyathamby S, Mohamad I. Primary Hodgkin's lymphoma of the middle ear: a rare cause of facial nerve palsy. Egyptian J Ear, Nose, Throat Allied Sci 2017;18:67–9.
Malkan UY, Gunes G, Yayar O, et al. A T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia case with central nervous system involvement. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015;8:14207–9.
Maniu AA, Harabagiu O, Damian LO, et al. Mastoiditis and facial paralysis as initial manifestations of temporal bone systemic diseases—the significance of the histopathological examination. Romanian J Morphol Embryol 2016;57:243–8.
Marçal N, Campelos S, Dias L, et al. Primary cutaneous CD30-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma of the external auditory canal. Ear Nose Throat J 2012;91:E10–2.
Marinelli JP, Modzeski MC, Lane JI, et al. Primary skull base lymphoma: manifestations and clinical outcomes of a great imitator. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018;159:643–9.
Mark AS, Seltzer S, Harnsberger HR. Sensorineural hearing loss: more than meets the eye? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1993;14:37–45.
Markou K, Karasmanis I, Goudakos JK, et al. Extramedullary plasmacytoma of temporal bone: report of 2 cases and review of literature. Am J Otolaryngol 2009;30:360–5.
Martín-Hernández R, Macías-Rodríguez DH, Martín-Sánchez V, et al. Vertigo as the first sign of chronic myeloid leukemia: a case report and literature review. Case Rep Otolaryngol 2013;2013:505636.
Merkus P, Copper MP, Van Oers MH, Schouwenburg PF. Lymphoma in the ear. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2000;62:274–7.
Meunier A, Clavel P, Aubry K, Lerat J. A sudden bilateral hearing loss caused by inner ear hemorrhage. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2020;137:65–7.
Millot F, Klossek JM, Brizard F, et al. Recurrence of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia presenting as a tumor of the middle ear: a case report. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1997;19:351–3.
Miyake Z, Tomidokoro Y, Tsurubuchi T, et al. Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma presenting with hearing loss and dizziness: a case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019;98:e14470.
Mori Y, Yamamoto K, Ohno A, Fukunaga M, Nishikawa A. Primary central nervous system lymphoma with peripheral nerve involvement: case report. Cureus 2019;11:e5675.
Munjal KR, Thakur A. Study of otological manifestations in leukemia. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1994;46:160–1.
Nabors MW, Narayan RK, Poplack DG. Intracranial and otological presentation of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Neurosurgery 1985;17:309–12.
Nachtsheim L, Wittersheim M, Kreissl S, Klussmann JP, Grosheva M. Facial nerve paralysis caused by a T-cell lymphoma. Clin Case Rep 2020;8:2965–8.
Nagayama M, Shinohara Y, Sekiyama S, et al. Intravascular malignant lymphomatosis manifesting clinically as bilateral sudden hearing loss and cytomegalovirus encephalitis. Neurology 1994;44:1518–20.
Nageris B, Or R, Hardan I, Polliack A. Sudden onset deafness as a presenting manifestation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 1993;9:269–71.
Naithani R, Chandra J, Mathur NN, Narayan S, Singh V. Hearing loss in chronic myeloid leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2005;45:54–6.
Nakada T, St John JN, Knight RT. Solitary metastasis of systemic malignant lymphoma to the cerebellopontine angle. Neuroradiology 1983;24:225–8.
Nakagawa T, Arita H, Kijima N, et al. Primary central nervous system lymphoma of the bilateral Bochdalek's flower baskets: a case report. Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery: Advanced Techniques and Case Management 2020;21.
Naraev BG, Linthicum FH Jr. Temporal bone involvement in multiple myeloma. Otol Neurotol 2006;27:580–1.
Naraev BG, Linthicum FH Jr. Rapid hearing loss in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Otol Neurotol 2006;27:445–6.
Naridze RL, Selby JC, Link BK, Liu V. Isolated unilateral facial nerve palsy: an unusual manifestation of recurrent diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016;30:1033–5.
Nasser M, Lutfi A, Al-Telmesani L. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia relapse presenting as acute otitis media with facial palsy. Egyptian J Ear, Nose, Throat Allied Sci 2015;16:205–7.
Nishimura T, Uchida Y, Fukuoka M, et al. Cerebellopontine angle lymphoma: a case report and review of the literature. Surg Neurol 1998;50:480–5 discussion 485.
Nishioka K, Masuda Y, Tomotsu T, et al. Tumor-forming acute myeloid leukemia with facial paralysis. Laryngoscope 1984;94:829–32.
O'Connor L, Croxson G, McCluskey P, Halmagyi GM. A 43-year-old woman presenting with subacute, bilateral, sequential facial nerve palsies, then developing pseudotumour cerebri. BMJ Case Rep 2015;2015:bcr2015211399.
Okayasu T, Faquin WC, Nadol JB Jr. Sensorineural hearing loss in leukemia: a case report showing intravascular coagulation in the cochlea and vestibular labyrinth. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2019;128:689–95.
Onwukeme KE, Sagoe AS, Bhatia PL. Sensori-neural hearing impairment in chronic granulocytic leukaemia. Trop Geogr Med 1987;39:24–7.
Oushy S, Graffeo CS, Perry A, et al. Collet-Sicard syndrome attributable to extramedullary plasmacytoma of the jugular foramen. World Neurosurg 2018;110:386–90.
Ozaki K, Irioka T, Ishida S, Mizusawa H. Bilateral facial nerve palsy caused by a metastatic malignant lymphoma. Intern Med 2011;50:2247.
Özçakar L, Akıncı A, Özgöçmen S, Aksu S, Çetin E. Bell's palsy as an early manifestation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Ann Hematol 2003;82:124–6.
Ozmenoğlu M, Arseven O, Candan S, Siviloğlu C. Bilateral facial paralysis secondary to lymphoma. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 1993;55:117–9.
Padmore RF, Bédard YC, Chapnik J. Relapse of acute myelogenous leukemia presenting as acute otitis externa. A case report. Cancer 1984;53:569–72.
Panosian MS, Roberts JK. Plasmacytoma of the middle ear and mastoid. Am J Otolaryngol 1994;15:264–7.
Park J, Park KY, Li K, Seo SJ, Hong CK. Cutaneous γδ T-cell lymphoma presenting as facial palsy. Br J Dermatol 2011;164:205–7.
Pati S, Swain S, Behera SK, Ojha B. Head and Neck Manifestations of Multiple Myeloma. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022;74(Suppl 3):5786–9.
Paul D, Rramchandran KA. Acute myeloid leukemia with bilateral facial paresis. Indian J Otolaryngol 1980;32:131.
Pedroso JL, de Aquino CC, Abrahão A, et al. Gradenigo's syndrome: beyond the classical triad of diplopia, facial pain and otorrhea. Case Rep Neurol 2011;3:45–7.
Pinto A, Chapman-Fredericks J; Ikpatt OF. Burkitt lymphoma presenting as unilateral deafness in an immunocompetent patient. Case Rep Med 2012;2012:369264.
Platia EV, Saral R. Deafness and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. South Med J 1979;72:1495–6.
Pochedly C. Unusual manifestations of chronic granulocytic leukemia in a child. Cancer 1969;24:1017–20.
Pogson JM, Taylor RL, Thompson EO, et al. A window into the whole story: temporal bone plasmacytoma presenting with a mobile third window. Laryngoscope 2020;131:E966–9.
Quinodoz D, Dulguerov P, Kurt AM, et al. Multiple myeloma presenting with external ear canal mass. J Laryngol Otol 1998;112:469–71.
Rakul Nambiar K, Nair SG, Mathew SP. Vertigo and deafness: the sole presenting feature of multiple myeloma. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2017;29:57–9.
Ranta S, Palomäki M, Levinsen M, et al. Presenting features and imaging in childhood acute myeloid leukemia with central nervous system involvement. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017;64.
Ranta S, Palomäki M, Levinsen M, et al. Role of neuroimaging in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and central nervous system involvement at diagnosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017;64:64–70.
Reddy U, Bewick J, Good C, Chevassut T, Das-Purkayastha PK. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: an unusual cause of severe otalgia and facial palsy. BMJ Case Rep 2012;2012:bcr0120125572.
Resende LS, Coradazzi AL, Rocha-Júnior C, Zanini JM, Niéro-Melo L. Sudden bilateral deafness from hyperleukocytosis in chronic myeloid leukemia. Acta Haematol 2000;104:46–9.
Romaniuk CS. Case report: granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) presenting as a cerebellopontine angle mass. Clin Radiol 1992;45:284–5.
Rosen G. Cranial nerve involvement in malignant lymphoma. J Laryngol Otol 1979;93:413–5.
Rovit RL, Fager CA. Solitary plasmacytoma of petrous bone. Report of a case with neurologic and radiographic remission following roentgen-ray therapy. J Neurosurg 1960;17:929–33.
Ruben RJ, Distenfeld A, Berg P, Carr R. Sudden sequential deafness as the presenting symptom of macroglobulinemia. JAMA 1969;209:1364–5.
Rudman K, Chun R. Acute myelogenous leukemia presenting as atypical mastoiditis. Laryngoscope 2011;121(SUPPL. 4):S216.
Ryou N, Ko DY, Jun HJ, Chae SW. Lymphoma of the internal auditory canal presenting as facial palsy, vertigo, and hearing loss. J Int Adv Otol 2015;11:262–3.
Sandal R, Gupta P, Jandial A, et al. Chronic myeloid leukemia presenting with fleeting facial nerve palsy. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2019;35:371–2.
Sando I, Egami T. Inner ear hemorrhage and endolymphatic hydrops in a leukemic patient with sudden hearing loss. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1977;86(4 Pt 1):518–24.
Schattner A, Kozack N, Sandler A, Shtalrid M. Facial diplegia as the presenting manifestation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Mt Sinai J Med 2001;68:406–9.
Schuknecht HF, Igarashi M, Chasin WD. Inner ear hemorrhage in leukemia. A CASE report. Laryngoscope 1965;75:662–8.
Sen S, Gupta A, Friedman P, Naina HV. Bilateral facial nerve palsy in acute B cell lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report and review of the literature. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2016;32(Suppl 1):15–9.
Sheng S, Sharma R, Samant R, et al. Isolated primary neurolymphomatosis with cranial multineuritis: a case presentation. Neurol Sci 2021;42:1223–6.
Shenoy K, Boloor A, Pai S, Suddharsan DS. Unusual presentation of multiple myeloma. Indian J Cancer 2010;47:347–8.
Shibata DK, Johnston SC. Bilateral sudden hearing loss in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia: MR appearance. Radiol Case Rep 2006;1:77–9.
Shiun Chuen C, Md Daud MK, Che Jalil NA, Hazmi H. Relapse of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia presenting as right aural polyp with facial and mandibular nerves palsy. Med J Malaysia 2017;72:318–20.
Shoenfeld Y, Aderka D, Sandbank U, et al. Fatal peripheral neurolymphomatosis after remission of histiocytic lymphoma. Neurology 1983;33:243–5.
Shone GR. Facial palsy due to myeloma of the temporal bone. J Laryngol Otol 1985;99:907–8.
Shuangshoti S. Solitary primary lymphoma of the cerebellopontine angle: case report. Neurosurgery 1995;36:595–8.
Shuto J, Ueyama T, Suzuki M, et al. Primary lymphoma of bilateral external auditory canals. Am J Otolaryngol 2002;23:49–52.
Siddiahgari SR, Yerukula P, Lingappa L, Moodahadu L. Rare clinical presentation of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma as otitis media and facial palsy. J Pediatr Neurosci 2016;11:58–60.
Simmons DB, Bursaw AW. Lymphoma presenting as acute-onset dysphagia. Case Rep Neurol Med 2015;2015:745121.
Singh SR, Gupta SC. Lymphomas of the middle ear. Indian J Otolaryngol 1978;30:175–6.
Sinha SN, Navani H. An unusual case of acute monocytic leukaemia with otitis media and bilateral facial paralysis. Indian J Otolaryngol 1961;13:144–8.
Siupšinskienė N, Padervinskis E, Poškienė L, Endeley N, Vaitkus S. An unusual case of a sore throat and otalgia in a 4-year-old boy. Medicina (Kaunas) 2012;48:277–9.
Smith LB, Valdes Y, Check WE, Britt PM, Frankel LS. Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia presenting with facial nerve paresis: a unique presentation. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2007;29:770–3.
Smith N, Bain B, Michaels L, Craven E. Atypical pH negative chronic myeloid leukaemia presenting as sudden profound deafness. J Clin Pathol 1991;44:1033–4.
Smith V, Traquina DN. Pediatric bilateral facial paralysis. Laryngoscope 1998;108(4 Pt 1):519–23.
Song K, Park KW, Heo JH, et al. Clinical characteristics of temporal bone metastases. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2019;12:27–32.
Stergiou IE, Christoforou P, Sypsa G, et al. Extraordinary extrahaematological manifestations of chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia. Lancet 2020;396:853.
Stewart AT. Acute lymphocytic LEUKAEMIA presenting as unilateral conductive deafness. J Laryngol Otol 1965;79:73–4.
Sunami Y, Gotoh A, Hamano Y, et al. Various neurological symptoms by neurolymphomatosis as the initial presentation of primary testicular lymphoma. Case Rep Oncol 2015;8:200–4.
Sundriyal D, Arya L, Srivastava R, Walia M, Sehrawat A. Leptomeningeal relapse in primary cutaneous DLBCL: implications for a prophylactic CNS therapy. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021;4:e1295.
Suzuki M, Watanabe T, Mogi G. Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of brachial plexus. Auris Nasus Larynx 1999;26:337–42.
Sweeney AD, Hunter JB, Rajkumar SV, et al. Plasmacytoma of the temporal bone, a great imitator: report of seven cases and comprehensive review of the literature. Otol Neurotol 2017;38:400–7.
Swinnen S, van Heerden J, Uyttebroeck A, et al. A child with bilateral proptosis: a sign of acute myeloid leukemia? J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2012;34:35–7.
Syms MJ, Arcila ME, Holtel MR. Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia and sensorineural hearing loss. Am J Otolaryngol 2001;22:349–53.
Tabuchi S, Yoshioka H, Nakayasu H, Watanabe T. Primary central nervous system lymphoma of the cerebellopontine angle that initially occurred as neurolymphomatosis of the acoustic nerve. NMC Case Rep J 2014;1:28–32.
Tageja N, Valent J, Bentley G, Zonder J. Precursor T cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma presenting as bilateral facial nerve palsy. Chemotherapy 2010;56:258–60.
Takahara T, Sando I, Bluestone CD, Myers EN. Lymphoma invading the anterior eustachian tube. Temporal bone histopathology of functional tubal obstruction. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1986;95(1 Pt 1):101–5.
Takeuchi K, Hattori T, Masuda S, et al. Cochlear implantation in complete remission in a patient with leukemia. Acta Otolaryngol 2008;128:821–3.
Taljebini M, Linthicum FH Jr. Hearing loss in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Otol Neurotol 2007;28:282–3.
Todd NW Jr., Bowman CA. Acute myelogenous leukemia presenting as atypical mastoiditis with facial paralysis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1984;7:173–7.
Torrealba-Acosta G, Gadhia R, Leslie-Mazwi T. A rare neurological complication of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. J Clin Neurosci 2018;48:143–6.
Toth R, Grama A, Maki C, Chinceşan MI. Bilateral ocular exophthalmia—a case of atypical acute myeloblastic leukemia in a child. J Crit Care Med (Targu Mures) 2020;6:243–8.
Tsai CC, Huang CB, Sheen JM, Wei HH, Hsiao CC. Sudden hearing loss as the initial manifestation of chronic myeloid leukemia in a child. Chang Gung Med J 2004;27:629–33.
Tucci DL, Lambert PR, Innes DJ Jr. Primary lymphoma of the temporal bone. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1992;118:83–5.
Vaid S, Jadhav J, Chandorkar A, Vaid N. Bilateral non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the temporal bone: a rare and unusual presentation. Case Rep Otolaryngol 2016;2016:2641876.
Vargiami E, Nedelkopoulou N, Zafeiriou DI, Anastasiou A. Cranial nerve palsies as presenting feature of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Pediatr Neurol 2013;11:55–7.
Vecchio D, Mittino D, Terazzi E, et al. A case of cranial multinevritis: from the onset to the diagnosis of primary neurolymphomatosis. BMJ Case Rep 2012;2012:bcr0620114299.
Veling MC, Windmill I, Bumpous JM. Sudden hearing loss as a presenting manifestation of leukemia. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999;120:954–6.
Villeneuve A, Rubin F, Bonfils P. Meningeal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma: the meningioma trap. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2018;135:131–2.
Vishnu P, Chuda RR, Hwang DG, Aboulafia DM. Isolated granulocytic sarcoma of the nasopharynx: a case report and review of the literature. Int Med Case Rep J 2013;7:1–6.
Wada M, Kurita K, Tajima K, Kawanami T, Kato T. A case of inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy associated with T-cell lymphoma. Acta Neurol Scand 2003;107:62–6.
Wang L, Wang Z, Wan C, et al. Facial paralysis as a presenting symptom of infant leukemia: a case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018;97:e13673.
Watanabe K, Cobb MIH, Zomorodi AR, et al. Rare lesions of the internal Auditory Canal. World Neurosurg 2017;99:200–9.
Watanabe T, Kurihara H, Magarisawa S, et al. Resolution of immune thrombocytopenic purpura associated with extranodal B-cell lymphoma of the petroclival region after radiotherapy. Surg Neurol Int 2010;1:76.
Wells M, Michaels L, Wells DG. Otolaryngological disturbances in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 1977;2:327–38.
Wenzel GI, Götz F, Lenarz T, Stöver T. HIV-associated cerebral lymphocyte infiltration mimicking vestibular schwannoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2008;265:1567–71.
Wong H, Hwang YY, Leung RY, et al. Unilateral hearing loss due to lymphocytosis and a contralateral putamen lesion. Ann Hematol 2015;94:703–4.
Woodcock H, Nelson M. Burkitt's non-Hodgkins lymphoma presenting as facial nerve palsy in HIV-positive patients. Int J STD AIDS 2011;22:112–4.
Wuillemin WA, Vischer MW, Tobler A, Fey MF. Relapse of acute myeloblastic leukaemia presenting as temporal bone chloroma with facial nerve paralysis. Ann Oncol 1993;4:339–40.
Yabe T, Kaga K, Kodama A. Temporal bone pathology of a patient without hearing and caloric reaction, and with counter-rolling after chronic myelocytic leukemia. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 1989;468:307–12.
Yetiser S, Talas D, Akkaya A, Deveci S. Plasmacytoma of the temporal bone: management with a combination of surgery and radiotherapy. Acta Otolaryngol 2001;121:915–8.
Young CW, Ho CS, Chiu NC, Liu HC, Liang DC. Acute myeloid leukemia with initial presentation of facial palsy and exophthalmos. Acta Neurol Taiwanica 2016;25:18–20.
Zackheim HS, Lebo CF, Wasserstein P, et al. Mycosis fungoides of the mastoid, middle ear, and CNS. Literature review of mycosis fungoides of the CNS. Arch Dermatol 1983;119:311–8.
Zappia JJ, Bunge FA, Koopmann CF Jr., McClatchey KD. Facial nerve paresis as the presenting symptom of leukemia. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1990;19:259–64.
Zeng X, Lin Z, Han X, et al. Bilateral hearing loss and unilateral cochlear ossification in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Ear Nose Throat J 2021;100(3_suppl):301S–3S.
Chau JK, Lin JR, Atashband S, Irvine RA, Westerberg BD. Systematic review of the evidence for the etiology of adult sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Laryngoscope 2010;120:1011–21.
Kuhn M, Heman-Ackah SE, Shaikh JA, Roehm PC. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a review of diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Trends Amplif 2011;15:91–105.
Chandrasekhar SS, Tsai Do BS, Schwartz SR, et al. Clinical practice guideline: sudden hearing loss (update). Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019;161(1_suppl):S1–S45.
Tunkel DE, Bauer CA, Sun GH, et al. Clinical practice guideline: tinnitus. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2014;151(2 Suppl):S1–S40.
Hamblin TJ. Autoimmune complications of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Semin Oncol 2006;33:230–9.
Ciorba A, Corazzi V, Bianchini C, et al. Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED): a diagnostic challenge. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2018;32:2058738418808680.
Puccinelli C, Carlson ML. Improvement or recovery from sudden sensorineural hearing loss with steroid therapy does not preclude the need for MRI to rule out vestibular Schwannoma. Otol Neurotol 2019;40:674–80.
Jain V, Deshmukh A, Gollomp S. Bilateral facial paralysis: case presentation and discussion of differential diagnosis. J Gen Intern Med 2006;21:C7–10.
Teller DC, Murphy TP. Bilateral facial paralysis: a case presentation and literature review. J Otolaryngol 1992;21:44–7.
Baugh RF, Basura GJ, Ishii LE, et al. Clinical practice guideline: Bell's palsy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013;149(3 Suppl):S1–27.
Jung J, Park DC, Jung SY, et al. Bilateral facial palsy. Acta Otolaryngol 2019;139:934–8.
Neilan RE, Roland PS. Otalgia. Med Clin North Am 2010;94:961–71.
Rossi UG, Ierardi AM, Cariati M. Multiple myeloma: lytic bone lesions of the skull. Acta Neurol Taiwanica 2021;30:81–2.
تواريخ الأحداث: Date Created: 20240304 Date Completed: 20240314 Latest Revision: 20240628
رمز التحديث: 20240628
DOI: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000004141
PMID: 38437804
قاعدة البيانات: MEDLINE
الوصف
تدمد:1537-4505
DOI:10.1097/MAO.0000000000004141