دورية أكاديمية
أعرض في EDS

Variation and trade-offs in life history traits of the protist parasite Monocystis perplexa (Apicomplexa) in its earthworm host Amynthas agrestis .

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: Variation and trade-offs in life history traits of the protist parasite Monocystis perplexa (Apicomplexa) in its earthworm host Amynthas agrestis .
المؤلفون: Keller EL; School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America., Schall JJ; Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America.
المصدر: PeerJ [PeerJ] 2024 Mar 26; Vol. 12, pp. e17161. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Mar 26 (Print Publication: 2024).
نوع المنشور: Journal Article
اللغة: English
بيانات الدورية: Publisher: PeerJ Inc Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101603425 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2167-8359 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 21678359 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PeerJ Subsets: MEDLINE
أسماء مطبوعة: Original Publication: Corte Madera, CA : PeerJ Inc.
مواضيع طبية MeSH: Parasites* , Oligochaeta*/parasitology , Life History Traits* , Apicomplexa*, Animals ; Reproduction ; Life Cycle Stages ; Oocysts
مستخلص: The life history of a parasite describes its partitioning of assimilated resources into growth, reproduction, and transmission effort, and its precise timing of developmental events. The life cycle, in contrast, charts the sequence of morphological stages from feeding to the transmission forms. Phenotypic plasticity in life history traits can reveal how parasites confront variable environments within hosts. Within the protist phylum Apicomplexa major clades include the malaria parasites, coccidians, and most diverse, the gregarines (with likely millions of species). Studies on life history variation of gregarines are rare. Therefore, life history traits were examined for the gregarine Monocystis perplexa in its host, the invasive earthworm Amynthas agrestis at three sites in northern Vermont, United States of America. An important value of this system is the short life-span of the hosts, with only seven months from hatching to mass mortality; we were thus able to examine life history variation during the entire life cycle of both host and parasite. Earthworms were collected ( N  = 968 over 33 sample periods during one host season), then parasites of all life stages were counted, and sexual and transmission stages measured, for each earthworm. All traits varied substantially among individual earthworm hosts and across the sites. Across sites, timing of first appearance of infected earthworms, date when transmission stage (oocysts packed within gametocysts) appeared, date when number of both feeding (trophic) cells and gametocysts were at maximum, and date when 100% of earthworms were infected differed from 2-8 weeks, surprising variation for a short season available for parasite development. The maximal size of mating cells varied among hosts and across sites and this is reflected in the number of oocysts produced by the gametocyst. A negative trade-off was observed for the number of oocysts and their size. Several patterns were striking: (1) Prevalence reached 100% at all sites by mid season, only one to three weeks after parasites first appeared in the earthworms. (2) The number of parasites per host was large, reaching 300 × 10 3 cells in some hosts, and such high numbers were present even when parasites first appeared in the host. (3) At one site, few infected earthworms produced any oocysts. (4) The transmission rate to reach such high density of parasites in hosts needed to be very high for a microbe, from >0.33% to >34.3% across the three sites. Monocystis was one of the first protist parasites to have its life cycle described (early 19 th century), but these results suggest the long-accepted life cycle of Monocystis could be incomplete, such that the parasites may be transmitted vertically (within the earthworm's eggs) as well as horizontally (leading to 100% prevalence) and merogony (asexual replication) could be present, not recognized for Monocystis , leading to high parasitemia even very early in the host's season.
Competing Interests: The authors declare there are no competing interests.
(©2024 Keller and Schall.)
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فهرسة مساهمة: Keywords: Ecology; Gregarines; Life History Traits; Parasite of invasive earthworms; Parasite transmission biology; Parasitology; Protists
تواريخ الأحداث: Date Created: 20240401 Date Completed: 20240403 Latest Revision: 20240403
رمز التحديث: 20240403
مُعرف محوري في PubMed: PMC10979743
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17161
PMID: 38560466
قاعدة البيانات: MEDLINE
الوصف
تدمد:2167-8359
DOI:10.7717/peerj.17161