دورية أكاديمية
Variation and trade-offs in life history traits of the protist parasite Monocystis perplexa (Apicomplexa) in its earthworm host Amynthas agrestis .
العنوان: | Variation and trade-offs in life history traits of the protist parasite Monocystis perplexa (Apicomplexa) in its earthworm host Amynthas agrestis . |
---|---|
المؤلفون: | Keller EL; School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America., Schall JJ; Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America. |
المصدر: | PeerJ [PeerJ] 2024 Mar 26; Vol. 12, pp. e17161. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Mar 26 (Print Publication: 2024). |
نوع المنشور: | Journal Article |
اللغة: | English |
بيانات الدورية: | Publisher: PeerJ Inc Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101603425 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2167-8359 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 21678359 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PeerJ Subsets: MEDLINE |
أسماء مطبوعة: | Original Publication: Corte Madera, CA : PeerJ Inc. |
مواضيع طبية MeSH: | Parasites* , Oligochaeta*/parasitology , Life History Traits* , Apicomplexa*, Animals ; Reproduction ; Life Cycle Stages ; Oocysts |
مستخلص: | The life history of a parasite describes its partitioning of assimilated resources into growth, reproduction, and transmission effort, and its precise timing of developmental events. The life cycle, in contrast, charts the sequence of morphological stages from feeding to the transmission forms. Phenotypic plasticity in life history traits can reveal how parasites confront variable environments within hosts. Within the protist phylum Apicomplexa major clades include the malaria parasites, coccidians, and most diverse, the gregarines (with likely millions of species). Studies on life history variation of gregarines are rare. Therefore, life history traits were examined for the gregarine Monocystis perplexa in its host, the invasive earthworm Amynthas agrestis at three sites in northern Vermont, United States of America. An important value of this system is the short life-span of the hosts, with only seven months from hatching to mass mortality; we were thus able to examine life history variation during the entire life cycle of both host and parasite. Earthworms were collected ( N = 968 over 33 sample periods during one host season), then parasites of all life stages were counted, and sexual and transmission stages measured, for each earthworm. All traits varied substantially among individual earthworm hosts and across the sites. Across sites, timing of first appearance of infected earthworms, date when transmission stage (oocysts packed within gametocysts) appeared, date when number of both feeding (trophic) cells and gametocysts were at maximum, and date when 100% of earthworms were infected differed from 2-8 weeks, surprising variation for a short season available for parasite development. The maximal size of mating cells varied among hosts and across sites and this is reflected in the number of oocysts produced by the gametocyst. A negative trade-off was observed for the number of oocysts and their size. Several patterns were striking: (1) Prevalence reached 100% at all sites by mid season, only one to three weeks after parasites first appeared in the earthworms. (2) The number of parasites per host was large, reaching 300 × 10 3 cells in some hosts, and such high numbers were present even when parasites first appeared in the host. (3) At one site, few infected earthworms produced any oocysts. (4) The transmission rate to reach such high density of parasites in hosts needed to be very high for a microbe, from >0.33% to >34.3% across the three sites. Monocystis was one of the first protist parasites to have its life cycle described (early 19 th century), but these results suggest the long-accepted life cycle of Monocystis could be incomplete, such that the parasites may be transmitted vertically (within the earthworm's eggs) as well as horizontally (leading to 100% prevalence) and merogony (asexual replication) could be present, not recognized for Monocystis , leading to high parasitemia even very early in the host's season. Competing Interests: The authors declare there are no competing interests. (©2024 Keller and Schall.) |
References: | Mol Ecol. 2018 Jul;27(13):2846-2857. (PMID: 29851187) Proc Biol Sci. 2017 Aug 16;284(1860):. (PMID: 28768894) J Parasitol. 2020 Nov 12;106(6):735-741. (PMID: 33260209) Evol Appl. 2009 Feb;2(1):11-23. (PMID: 20305703) Nat Ecol Evol. 2017 Mar 20;1(4):91. (PMID: 28812652) Trends Parasitol. 2019 Sep;35(9):687-694. (PMID: 31345767) J Invertebr Pathol. 2021 Jul;183:107544. (PMID: 33582107) J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2011 Jul-Aug;58(4):275-83. (PMID: 21569160) PLoS Pathog. 2018 Nov 14;14(11):e1007371. (PMID: 30427935) Insects. 2013 Aug 28;4(3):447-62. (PMID: 26462429) Int J Parasitol. 2020 Jun;50(6-7):461-469. (PMID: 32224124) J Parasitol. 2023 Mar 1;109(2):56-64. (PMID: 36930698) J Parasitol. 2015 Dec;101(6):651-7. (PMID: 26248890) PLoS One. 2013 Dec 06;8(12):e81475. (PMID: 24324696) Future Microbiol. 2012 Jan;7(1):17-24. (PMID: 22191443) Am J Phys Anthropol. 2003;Suppl 37:100-25. (PMID: 14666535) Adv Parasitol. 1996;37:107-34. (PMID: 8881599) Evolution. 2015 Jan;69(1):117-25. (PMID: 25311513) J Invertebr Pathol. 2023 Nov;201:107997. (PMID: 37774965) Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2021 Jul;244:111375. (PMID: 34023299) Parasitol Res. 2023 Jul;122(7):1573-1579. (PMID: 37140652) Trends Parasitol. 2003 Dec;19(12):556-8. (PMID: 14642764) Proc Biol Sci. 2000 Apr 22;267(1445):793-9. (PMID: 10819149) Proc Biol Sci. 1997 Apr 22;264(1381):553-9. (PMID: 9149425) Proc Biol Sci. 1995 Jun 22;260(1359):321-7. (PMID: 7630898) PeerJ. 2022 Jul 13;10:e13622. (PMID: 35855901) PeerJ. 2021 Apr 07;9:e11101. (PMID: 33868811) J Morphol. 1977 Sep;153(3):467-77. (PMID: 71353) PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e42606. (PMID: 22900033) Parasitology. 2010 Jan;137(1):45-51. (PMID: 19691863) Eur J Protistol. 2014 Oct;50(5):472-95. (PMID: 25238406) J Parasitol. 2019 Jun;105(3):454-458. (PMID: 31237483) J Parasitol. 2008 Jun;94(3):567-70. (PMID: 18605781) Folia Parasitol (Praha). 2021 Aug 18;68:. (PMID: 34642289) J Parasitol. 2017 Jun;103(3):228-236. (PMID: 28323544) J Evol Biol. 2007 Mar;20(2):433-47. (PMID: 17305809) Zootaxa. 2016 Oct 31;4179(3):495-529. (PMID: 27811684) Ecology. 2010 Jul;91(7):2070-9. (PMID: 20715629) |
فهرسة مساهمة: | Keywords: Ecology; Gregarines; Life History Traits; Parasite of invasive earthworms; Parasite transmission biology; Parasitology; Protists |
تواريخ الأحداث: | Date Created: 20240401 Date Completed: 20240403 Latest Revision: 20240403 |
رمز التحديث: | 20240403 |
مُعرف محوري في PubMed: | PMC10979743 |
DOI: | 10.7717/peerj.17161 |
PMID: | 38560466 |
قاعدة البيانات: | MEDLINE |
تدمد: | 2167-8359 |
---|---|
DOI: | 10.7717/peerj.17161 |