دورية أكاديمية
أعرض في EDS

Access to essential medicines for diabetes care: availability, price, and affordability in central Ethiopia.

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: Access to essential medicines for diabetes care: availability, price, and affordability in central Ethiopia.
المؤلفون: Deressa HD; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Addis Ababa City Administration Regional Health Bureau, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Abuye H; Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossaena, Ethiopia., Adinew A; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Ali MK; Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, US.; Emory Global Diabetes Research Center of the Woodruff Health Sciences Center and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, US., Kebede T; School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Habte BM; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. bruck.messele@aau.edu.et.
المصدر: Global health research and policy [Glob Health Res Policy] 2024 Apr 07; Vol. 9 (1), pp. 12. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 07.
نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
اللغة: English
بيانات الدورية: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101705789 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2397-0642 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 23970642 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Glob Health Res Policy Subsets: MEDLINE
أسماء مطبوعة: Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2016]-
مواضيع طبية MeSH: Drugs, Essential* , Diabetes Mellitus*/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus*/epidemiology, Humans ; Ethiopia ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Public Sector ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Glucose
مستخلص: Background: Diabetes is a major global public health burden. Effective diabetes management is highly dependent on the availability of affordable and quality-assured essential medicines (EMs) which is a challenge especially in low-and-middle-income countries such as Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the accessibility of EMs used for diabetes care in central Ethiopia's public and private medicine outlets with respect to availability and affordability parameters.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 60 selected public and private medicine outlets in central Ethiopia from January to February 2022 using the World Health Organization/Health Action International (WHO/HAI) standard tool to assess access to EMs. We included EMs that lower glucose, blood pressure, and cholesterol as these are all critical for diabetes care. Availability was determined as the percentage of surveyed outlets per sector in which the selected lowest-priced generic (LPG) and originator brand (OB) products were found. The number of days' wages required by the lowest paid government worker (LPGW) to purchase a one month's supply of medicines was used to measure affordability while median price was determined to assess patient price and price markup difference between public procurement and retail prices.
Results: Across all facilities, availability of LPG and OB medicines were 34.6% and 2.5% respectively. Only two glucose-lowering (glibenclamide 5 mg and metformin 500 mg) and two blood pressure-lowering medications (nifedipine 20 mg and hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg) surpassed the WHO's target of 80% availability. The median price based on the least measurable unit of LPG diabetes EMs was 1.6 ETB (0.033 USD) in public and 4.65 ETB (0.095 USD) in private outlets. The cost of one month's supply of diabetes EMs was equivalent to 0.3 to 3.1 days wages in public and 1.0 to 11.0 days wages in private outlets, respectively, for a typical LPGW. Thus, 58.8% and 84.6% of LPG diabetes EMs included in the price analysis were unaffordable in private and public outlets, respectively.
Conclusions: There are big gaps in availability and affordability of EMs used for diabetes in central Ethiopia. Policy makers should work to improve access to diabetes EMs. It is recommended to increase government attention to availing affordable EMs for diabetes care including at the primary healthcare levels which are more accessible to the majority of the population. Similar studies are also recommended to be conducted in different parts of Ethiopia.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)
التعليقات: Update of: Res Sq. 2023 Dec 04:rs.3.rs-3694051. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3694051/v1. (PMID: 38106116)
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معلومات مُعتمدة: D43 TW011404 United States TW FIC NIH HHS
فهرسة مساهمة: Keywords: Access; Affordability; Availability; Central Ethiopia; Diabetes; Essential medicines; Non-communicable diseases
المشرفين على المادة: 0 (Drugs, Essential)
IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose)
تواريخ الأحداث: Date Created: 20240407 Date Completed: 20240409 Latest Revision: 20240726
رمز التحديث: 20240727
مُعرف محوري في PubMed: PMC10999076
DOI: 10.1186/s41256-024-00352-3
PMID: 38584277
قاعدة البيانات: MEDLINE
الوصف
تدمد:2397-0642
DOI:10.1186/s41256-024-00352-3