دورية أكاديمية

Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling in the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome: A reappraisal.

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling in the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome: A reappraisal.
المؤلفون: Valizadeh M; Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Abiri B; Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Hosseinpanah F; Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Grossman A; Centre for Endocrinology, Barts and the London School of Medicine, QMUL, London, UK.; ENETS Centre of Excellence, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.; Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
المصدر: Journal of internal medicine [J Intern Med] 2024 Jul; Vol. 296 (1), pp. 2-23. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 12.
نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Review
اللغة: English
بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Blackwell Scientific Publications Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8904841 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1365-2796 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09546820 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Intern Med Subsets: MEDLINE
أسماء مطبوعة: Original Publication: Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications, c1989-
مواضيع طبية MeSH: Petrosal Sinus Sampling* , Cushing Syndrome*/diagnosis , ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic*/diagnosis , Adrenocorticotropic Hormone*/blood, Humans ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion/diagnosis
مستخلص: Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a rare disorder, once exogenous causes have been excluded. However, when diagnosed, the majority of cases are adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent, of which a substantial minority are due to a source outside of the pituitary, ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS). Differentiating among pituitary-dependent CS, Cushing's disease (CD) and an ectopic source can be problematic. Because non-invasive tests in the evaluation of CS patients often lack adequate sensitivity and specificity, bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS), a minimally invasive procedure performed during the investigation of ACTH-dependent CS, can be extremely helpful. BIPSS is considered to be the gold standard for differentiating CD from the EAS. Furthermore, although such differentiation may indeed be challenging, BIPSS is itself a complex investigation, especially in recent times due to the widespread withdrawal of corticotrophin-releasing hormone and its replacement by desmopressin. We review current published data on this investigation and, in the light of this and our own experience, discuss its appropriate use in diagnostic algorithms.
(© 2024 The Association for the Publication of the Journal of Internal Medicine.)
References: Cotran RS, Kumar V, Collins T. Robbins pathologic basis of disease. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders Company; 1999.
Ezzat S, Asa SL, Couldwell WT, Barr CE, Dodge WE, Vance ML, et al. The prevalence of pituitary adenomas: a systematic review. Cancer. 2004;101(3):613–619.
Guignat L, Bertherat J. The diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline: commentary from a European perspective. Eur J Endocrinol. 2010;163(1):9–13.
Kaskarelis IS, Tsatalou EG, Benakis SV, Malagari K, Komninos I, Vasiliadou D, et al. Bilateral inferior petrosal sinuses sampling in the routine investigation of Cushing's syndrome: a comparison with MRI. Am J Roentgenol. 2006;187(2):562–570.
Fleseriu M, Auchus R, Bancos I, Ben‐Shlomo A, Bertherat J, Biermasz N, et al. Consensus on diagnosis and management of Cushing's disease: a guideline update. Lancet Diabet Endocrinol. 2021;9(12):847–875.
Fukuoka H, Cooper O, Ben‐Shlomo A, Mamelak A, Ren S‐G, Bruyette D, et al. EGFR as a therapeutic target for human, canine, and mouse ACTH‐secreting pituitary adenomas. J Clin Invest. 2011;121(12):4712–4721.
Reincke M, Sbiera S, Hayakawa A, Theodoropoulou M, Osswald A, Beuschlein F, et al. Mutations in the deubiquitinase gene USP8 cause Cushing's disease. Nat Genet. 2015;47(1):31–38.
Howlett TA, Drury PL, Perry L, Doniach I, Rees LH, Besser GM. Diagnosis and management of ACTH‐dependent Cushing's syndrome: comparison of the features in ectopic and pituitary ACTH production. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1986;24(6):699–713.
Aron DC, Raff H, Findling JW. Effectiveness versus efficacy: the limited value in clinical practice of high dose dexamethasone suppression testing in the differential diagnosis of adrenocorticotropin‐dependent Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82(6):1780–1785.
Barbot M, Trementino L, Zilio M, Ceccato F, Albiger N, Daniele A, et al. Second‐line tests in the differential diagnosis of ACTH‐dependent Cushing's syndrome. Pituitary. 2016;19(5):488–495.
Kaye TB. The Cushing syndrome: an update on diagnostic tests. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112(6):434–444.
Woo YS, Isidori AM, Wat WZ, Kaltsas GA, Afshar F, Sabin I, et al. The clinical and biochemical characteristics of ACTH‐secreting macroadenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90:4963–4969.
Doppman JL, Frank JA, Dwyer AJ, Oldfield EH, Miller DL, Nieman LK, et al. Gadolinium DTPA enhanced MR imaging of ACTH‐secreting microadenomas of the pituitary gland. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1988;12(5):728–735.
Tabarin A, Laurent F, Catargi B, Olivier‐Puel F, Lescene R, Berge J, et al. Comparative evaluation of conventional and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary gland for the diagnosis of Cushing's disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1998;49(3):293–300.
Grossman AB, Kelly P, Rockall A, Bhattacharya S, Mcnicol A, Balwick T. Cushing's syndrome caused by an occult source: difficulties in diagnosis and management. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2006;2(11):642–647.
Oldfield EH, Doppman JL, Nieman LK, Chrousos GP, Miller DL, Katz DA, et al. Petrosal sinus sampling with and without corticotropin‐releasing hormone for the differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1991;325(13):897–905.
Wang H, Ba Y, Xing Q, Cai R‐C. Differential diagnostic value of bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) in ACTH‐dependent Cushing syndrome: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. BMC Endocr Disord. 2020;20(1):143. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902‐020‐00623‐3.
Dahia PL, Ahmed‐Shuaib A, Jacobs RA, Chew SL, Honegger J, Fahlbusch R, et al. Vasopressin receptor expression and mutation analysis in corticotropin‐secreting tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81(5):1768–1771.
Castinetti F, Morange I, Dufour H, Jaquet P, Conte‐Devolx B, Girard N, et al. Desmopressin test during petrosal sinus sampling: a valuable tool to discriminate pituitary or ectopic ACTH‐dependent Cushing's syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol. 2007;157(3):271–277.
Crapo L. Cushing's syndrome: a review of diagnostic tests. Metabolism. 1979;28(9):955–977.
Mccance DR, Mcilrath E, Mcneill A, Gordon DS, Hadden DR, Kennedy L, et al. Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling as a routine procedure in ACTH‐dependent Cushing's syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1989;30(2):157–166.
Scriba PC, Werder K, Richter J, Schwarz K. A contribution to the clinical diagnosis of the ectopic ACTH syndrome. Klin Wochenschr. 1968;46(1):49–51.
Brown RD, Van Loon GR, Orth DAVIDN, Liddle GW. Cushing's disease with periodic hormonogenesis: one explanation for paradoxical response to dexamethasone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1973;36(3):445–451.
Corrigan DF, Schaaf M, Whaley RA, Czerwinski CL, Earll JM. Selective venous sampling to differentiate ectopic ACTH secretion from pituitary Cushing's syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1977;296(15):861–862.
Kley H, Stolze T, Kruskemper H. Jugular‐vein sampling of ACTH. N Engl J Med. 1977;297(13):731–731.
Grant SJB, Stiel JN, Sorby WA, Henniker AJ. Venous ACTH sampling in Cushing's syndrome. Med J Aust. 1983;1(7):336–337.
Manni A, Latshaw RF, Page R, Santen RJ. Simultaneous bilateral venous sampling for adrenocorticotropin in pituitary‐dependent Cushing's disease: evidence for lateralization of pituitary venous drainage. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1983;57(5):1070–1073.
Oldfield EH, Chrousos GP, Schulte HM, Schaaf M, Mckeever PE, Krudy AG, et al. Preoperative lateralization of ACTH‐secreting pituitary microadenomas by bilateral and simultaneous inferior petrosal venous sinus sampling. N Engl J Med. 1985;312(2):100–103.
Landolt AM, Valavanis A, Girard J, Eberle AN. Corticotrophin‐releasing factor‐test used with bilateral, simultaneous inferior petrosal sinus blood‐sampling for the diagonosis of pituitary‐dependent Cushing's disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1986;25(6):687–696.
Schulte HM, Allolio B, Günther RW, Benker G, Winkelmann W, Hollmann JP, et al. Simultaneous bilateral catheterization of the inferior petrosal sinus in Cushing's syndrome. ACTH determination for the diagnosis and location of the side of a hypophyseal microadenoma before and after administration of corticotropin‐releasing hormone. Dtsch Med Wochensc. 1987;112(46):1767–1771.
Tsagarakis S, Tsigos C, Vasiliou V, Tsiotra P, Kaskarelis J, Sotiropoulou C, et al. The desmopressin and combined CRH‐desmopressin tests in the differential diagnosis of ACTH‐dependent Cushing's syndrome: constraints imposed by the expression of V2 vasopressin receptors in tumors with ectopic ACTH secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87(4):1646–1653.
Tsagarakis S, Vassiliadi D, Kaskarelis IS, Komninos J, Souvatzoglou E, Thalassinos N. The application of the combined corticotropin‐releasing hormone plus desmopressin stimulation during petrosal sinus sampling is both sensitive and specific in differentiating patients with Cushing's disease from patients with the occult ectopic adrenocorticotropin syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92(6):2080–2086.
Belli S, Oneto A, Mendaro E. [Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling in the differential diagnosis of ACTH‐dependent Cushing's syndrome]. Rev Med Chil. 2007;135(9):1095–1102.
Booth GL, Redelmeier DA, Grosman H, Kovacs K, Smyth HS, Ezzat S. Improved diagnostic accuracy of inferior petrosal sinus sampling over imaging for localizing pituitary pathology in patients with Cushing's disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998;83(7):2291–2295.
Deipolyi AR, Alexander B, Rho J, Hirsch JA, Oklu R. Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling using desmopressin or corticotropic‐releasing hormone: a single‐center experience. J Neurointerv Surg. 2015;7(9):690–693.
Feng M, Liu Z, Liu X, Zhang X, Bao X, Yao Y, et al. Tumour lateralization in Cushing's disease by inferior petrosal sinus sampling with desmopressin. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2018;88(2):251–257.
Kaltsas G, Giannulis MG, Newell‐Price JDC, Dacie JE, Thakkar C, Afshar F, et al. A critical analysis of the value of simultaneous inferior petrosal sinus sampling in Cushing's disease and the occult ectopic adrenocorticotropin syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84(2):487–492.
Findling JW, Kehoe ME, Raff H. Identification of patients with Cushing's disease with negative pituitary adrenocorticotropin gradients during inferior petrosal sinus sampling: prolactin as an index of pituitary venous effluent. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89(12):6005–6009.
Findling JW. Selective venous sampling for ACTH in Cushing's syndrome: differentiation between Cushing disease and the ectopic ACTH syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1981;94(5):647–652.
Findling JW, Kehoe ME, Shaker JL, Raff H. Routine inferior petrosal sinus sampling in the differential diagnosis of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)‐dependent Cushing's syndrome: early recognition of the occult ectopic ACTH syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991;73(2):408–413.
Doppman JL, Oldfield E, Krudy AG, Chrousos GP, Schulte HM, Schaaf M, et al. Petrosal sinus sampling for Cushing syndrome: anatomical and technical considerations. Work in progress. Radiology. 1984;150(1):99–103.
Tomycz ND, Horowitz MB. Inferior petrosal sinus sampling in the diagnosis of sellar neuropathology. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2009;20(3):361–367.
Deipolyi AR, Alexander B, Oklu R. Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling: clinical experience in 327 patients. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2014;3(25):S64.
Newell‐Price J, Trainer P, Besser M, Grossman A. The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome and pseudo‐Cushing's states. Endocr Rev. 1998;19(5):647–672.
Valizadeh M, Ahmadi AR, Ebadinejad A, Rahmani F, Abiri B. Diagnostic accuracy of bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling using desmopressin or corticotropic‐releasing hormone in ACTH‐dependent Cushing's syndrome: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2022:23(5):881–892.
Page RB. Directional pituitary blood flow: a microcinephotographic study. Endocrinology. 1983;112(1):157–165.
Mamelak AN, Dowd CF, Tyrrell JB, McDonald JF, Wilson CB. Venous angiography is needed to interpret inferior petrosal sinus and cavernous sinus sampling data for lateralizing adrenocorticotropin‐secreting adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81(2):475–481.
Lefournier V, Martinie M, Vasdev A, Bessou P, Passagia JG, Labat‐Moleur F, et al. Accuracy of bilateral inferior petrosal or cavernous sinuses sampling in predicting the lateralization of Cushing's disease pituitary microadenoma: influence of catheter position and anatomy of venous drainage. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88(1):196–203.
Miller D, Doppman J, Chang R. Anatomy of the junction of the inferior petrosal sinus and the internal jugular vein. Am J Neuroradiol. 1993;14(5):1075–1083.
Andereggen L, Schroth G, Gralla J, Seiler R, Mariani L, Beck J, et al. Selective inferior petrosal sinus sampling without venous outflow diversion in the detection of a pituitary adenoma in Cushing's syndrome. Neuroradiology. 2012;54(5):495–503.
Gazioglu N, Ulu MO, Ozlen F, Albayram S, Islak C, Kocer N, et al. Management of Cushing's disease using cavernous sinus sampling: effectiveness in tumor lateralization. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2008;110(4):333–338.
Burkhardt T, Flitsch J, Van Leyen P, Sauer N, Aberle J, Grzyska U, et al. Cavernous sinus sampling in patients with Cushing's disease. Neurosurgical Focus. 2015;38(2):E6.
Apaydin T, Yasar M, Baltacioglu F, Haklar G, Gogas Yavuz D. Does concomitant prolactin measurement ıncrease the accuracy of ınferior petrosal sinus sampling? Neuroradiology. 2022;64(7):1411–1418.
Turan H, Çatlı G, Kardelen AD, Böber E, Akıncı A, Çetinkaya S, et al. Diagnostic value of bilateral petrosal sinus sampling in children with Cushing disease: a multi‐center study. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2022;14(1):29.
Pereira CA, Ferreira L, Amaral C, Alves V, Xavier J, Ribeiro I, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling: the experience of a tertiary centre. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2021;129(02):126–130.
Jarial KDS, Bhansali A, Gupta V, Singh P, Mukherjee KK, Sharma A, et al. Diagnostic accuracy and comparison of BIPSS in response to lysine vasopressin and hCRH. Endocr Connect. 2018;7(3):425–432.
Güemes M, Murray PG, Brain CE, Spoudeas HA, Peters CJ, Hindmarsh PC, et al. Management of Cushing syndrome in children and adolescents: experience of a single tertiary centre. Eur J Pediatr. 2016;175(7):967–976.
Yordanova G, Martin L, Afshar F, Sabin I, Alusi G, Plowman NP, et al. Long‐term outcomes of children treated for Cushing's disease: a single center experience. Pituitary. 2016;19(6):612–624.
Wind JJ, Lonser RR, Nieman LK, DeVroom HL, Chang R, Oldfield EH. The lateralization accuracy of inferior petrosal sinus sampling in 501 patients with Cushing's disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(6):2285–2293.
Sheth SA, Mian MK, Neal J, Tritos NA, Nachtigall L, Klibanski A, et al. Transsphenoidal surgery for cushing disease after nondiagnostic inferior petrosal sinus sampling. Neurosurgery. 2012;71(1):14–22.
Mulligan GB, Faiman C, Gupta M, Kennedy L, Hatipoglu B, Hui F, et al. Prolactin measurement during inferior petrosal sinus sampling improves the localization of pituitary adenomas in Cushing's disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2012;77(2):268–274.
Grant P, Dworakowska D, Carroll P. Maximizing the accuracy of Inferior petrosal sinus sampling: validation of the use of prolactin as a marker of pituitary venous effluent in the diagnosis of Cushing's disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2012;76(4):555–559.
More J, Young J, Reznik Y, Raverot G, Borson‐Chazot F, Rohmer V, et al. Ectopic ACTH syndrome in children and adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(5):1213–1222.
Mulligan GB, Eray E, Faiman C, Gupta M, Pineyro MM, Makdissi A, et al. Reduction of false‐negative results in inferior petrosal sinus sampling with simultaneous prolactin and corticotropin measurement. Endocr Pract. 2011;17(1):33–40.
Sharma S, Raff H, Nieman L. Prolactin as a marker of successful catheterization during IPSS in patients with ACTH‐dependent Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(12):3687–3694.
Dias RP, Kumaran A, Chan LF, Martin L, Afshar F, Matson M, et al. Diagnosis, management and therapeutic outcome in prepubertal Cushing's disease. Eur J Endocrinol. 2010;162(3):603.
Daousi C, Nixon T, Javadpour M, Hayden K, Macfarlane IA. Inferior petrosal sinus ACTH and prolactin responses to CRH in ACTH‐dependent Cushing's syndrome: a single centre experience from the United Kingdom. Pituitary. 2010;13(2):95–104.
Lin L‐Y, Teng MM, Huang C‐I, Ma W‐Y, Wang K‐L, Lin H‐D, et al. Assessment of bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) in the diagnosis of Cushing's disease. J Chin Med Assoc. 2007;70(1):4–10.
Swearingen B, Katznelson L, Miller K, Grinspoon S, Waltman A, Dorer DJ, et al. Diagnostic errors after inferior petrosal sinus sampling. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89(8):3752–3763.
Liu C, Lo JC, Dowd CF, Wilson CB, Kunwar S, Aron DC, et al. Cavernous and inferior petrosal sinus sampling in the evaluation of ACTH‐dependent Cushing's syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2004;61(4):478–486.
Ilias I, Chang R, Pacak K, Oldfield EH, Wesley R, Doppman J, et al. Jugular venous sampling: an alternative to petrosal sinus sampling for the diagnostic evaluation of adrenocorticotropic hormone‐dependent Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89(8):3795–3800.
Lienhardt A, Grossman AB, Dacie JE, Evanson J, Huebner A, Afshar F, et al. Relative contributions of inferior petrosal sinus sampling and pituitary imaging in the investigation of children and adolescents with ACTH‐dependent Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86(12):5711–5714.
Colao A, Faggiano A, Pivonello R, Giraldi Fp, Cavagnini F, Lombardi G. Study group of the Italian endocrinology society on the pathophysiology of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis. inferior petrosal sinus sampling in the differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome: results of an Italian multicenter study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2001;144(5):499–507.
Bonelli FS, Huston J 3rd, Carpenter PC, Erickson D, Young WF Jr, Meyer FB. Adrenocorticotropic hormone–dependent Cushing's syndrome: sensitivity and specificity of inferior petrosal sinus sampling. Am J Neuroradiol. 2000;21(4):690–696.
Padayatty S, Orme S, Nelson M, Lamb J, Belchetz P. Bilateral sequential inferior petrosal sinus sampling with corticotrophin‐releasing hormone stimulation in the diagnosis of Cushing's disease. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998;139(2):161–166.
López J, Barceló B, Lucas T, Salame F, Alameda C, Boronat M, et al. Petrosal sinus sampling for diagnosis of Cushing's disease: evidence of false negative results. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1996;45(2):147–156.
Zarrilli L, Colao A, Merola B, La Tessa G, Spaziante R, Tripodi FS, et al. Corticotropin‐releasing hormone test: improvement of the diagnostic accuracy of simultaneous and bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling in patients with Cushing syndrome. World J Surg. 1995;19(1):150–153.
Doppman JL, Nieman LK, Chang R, Yanovski J, Cutler GB, Jr, Chrousos GP, et al, Selective venous sampling from the cavernous sinuses is not a more reliable technique than sampling from the inferior petrosal sinuses in Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995;80(8):2485–2489.
Magiakou MA, Mastorakos G, Oldfield EH, Gomez MT, Doppman JL, Cutler GB, et al. Cushing's syndrome in children and adolescents–presentation, diagnosis, and therapy. N Engl J Med. 1994;331(10):629–636.
Colao A, Merola B, Tripodi FS, Disarno A, Esposito V, Marzullo P, et al. Simultaneous and bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling for the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome: comparison of multihormonal assay, baseline multiple sampling and ACTH‐releasing hormone test. Horm Res Paediatr. 1993;40(5–6):209–216.
Yanovski JA, Cutler GB, Doppman JL, Miller DL, Chrousos GP, Oldfield EH, et al. The limited ability of inferior petrosal sinus sampling with corticotropin‐releasing hormone to distinguish Cushing's disease from pseudo‐Cushing states or normal physiology. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993;77(2):503–509.
Boscaro M, Rampazzo A, Paoletta A, Roseano P, Pagotto U, Fallo F, et al. Selective venous sampling in the differential diagnosis of ACTH‐dependent Cushing's syndrome. Neuroendocrinology. 1992;55(3):264–268.
Tabarin A, Greselle JF, San‐Galli F, Leprat F, Caille JM, Latapie JL, et al. Usefulness of the corticotropin‐releasing hormone test during bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling for the diagnosis of Cushing's disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991;73(1):53–59.
Allolio B, Günther RW, Benker G, Reinwein D, Winkelmann W, Schulte HM. A multihormonal response to corticotropin‐releasing hormone in inferior petrosal sinus blood of patients with Cushing's disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990;71(5):1195–1201.
Schulte H, Allolio B, Günther RW, Benker G, Windeck R, Winkelmann W, et al. Bilateral and simultaneous sinus petrosus inferior catheterization in patients with Cushing's syndrome: plasma‐immunoreactive‐ACTH‐concentrations before and after administration of CRF. Hormone and metabolic research. Suppl Ser. 1987;16:66–67.
Machado MC, De Sa SV, Domenice S, Fragoso MCBV, Puglia P, Pereira MAA, et al. The role of desmopressin in bilateral and simultaneous inferior petrosal sinus sampling for differential diagnosis of ACTH‐dependent Cushing's syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007;66(1):136–142.
Rahmani F, Mahdavi M, Edraki K, Valizadeh M. A case series of bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling with desmopressin in evaluation of ACTH‐dependent Cushing's syndrome in Iran. Hormones. 2021;20(2):299–304.
Cavalcante LBCP, Freitas TC, Musolino NRC, Cescato VAS, Silva GO, Fragoso MCBV, et al. High accuracy of bilateral and simultaneous petrosal sinus sampling with desmopressin for the differential diagnosis of pediatric ACTH‐dependent Cushing's syndrome. Pituitary. 2020;23(5):507–514.
Chen S, Chen K, Lu L, Zhang X, Tong A, Pan H, et al. The effects of sampling lateralization on bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling and desmopressin stimulation test for pediatric Cushing's disease. Endocrine. 2019;63(3):582–591.
Qiao X, Ye H, Zhang X, Zhao W, Zhang S, Lu B, et al. The value of prolactin in inferior petrosal sinus sampling with desmopressin stimulation in Cushing's disease. Endocrine. 2015;48(2):644–652.
Tsagarakis S, Kaskarelis IS, Kokkoris P, Malagari C, Thalassinos N. The application of a combined stimulation with CRH and desmopressin during bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling in patients with Cushing's syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2000;52(3):355–361.
Trainer PJ, Faria M, Newell‐Price J, Browne P, Kopelman P, Coy DH, et al. A comparison of the effects of human and ovine corticotropin‐releasing hormone on the pituitary‐adrenal axis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995;80(2):412–417. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.80.2.7852498. PMID: 7852498.
Dahia PLM, Ahmed‐Shuaib A, Jacobs RA, Chew SL, Honegger J, Fahlbusch R, et al. Vasopressin receptor expression and mutation analysis in corticotropin‐secreting tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81:1768–1771.
Arlt W, Dahia PLM, Callies F, Nordmeyer JP, Allolio B, Grossman AB, et al. Ectopic ACTH production by a bronchial carcinoid tumour responsive to desmopressin in vivo and in vitro. Clin Endocrinol. 1997;47:623–628.
Javorsky BR, Findling JW. Inferior petrosal sampling for the differential diagnosis of ACTH‐dependent Cushing's syndrome. In: Cushing's syndrome: pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. New York: Humana Press; 2010. p. 105–119.
Invitti C, Giraldi FP, De Martin M, Cavagnini F. Diagnosis and management of Cushing's syndrome: results of an Italian multicentre study. Study group of the Italian Society of Endocrinology on the pathophysiology of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84(2):440–448.
Colao A, Faggiano A, Pivonello R, Pecori Giraldi F, Cavagnini F, Lombardi G. Inferior petrosal sinus sampling in the differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome: results of an Italian multicenter study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2001;144(5):499–507.
Ilias I, Torpy DJ, Pacak K, Mullen N, Wesley RA, Nieman LK. Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic corticotropin secretion: twenty years' experience at the National Institutes of Health. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(8):4955–4962.
Katoh K, Yoshida M, Kobayashi Y, Onodera M, Kogusa K, Obara Y. Responses induced by arginine‐vasopressin injection in the plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, growth hormone and metabolites around weaning time in goats. J Endocrinol. 2005;187(2):249–256.
Arai K, Takebe K. Corticotropin response to combined administration of human corticotropin‐releasing hormone and small‐dose arginine vasopressin in normal subjects. Metabolism. 1991;40(10):1088–1091.
Salata RA, Jarrett DB, Verbalis JG, Robinson AG. Vasopressin stimulation of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) in humans. In vivo bioassay of corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) which provides evidence for CRF mediation of the diurnal rhythm of ACTH. J Clin Invest. 1988;81(3):766–774.
Carmody D, Hannon MJ, Thompson C. Vasopressin, diabetes insipidus, and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. In: Endocrinology: adult and pediatric. Vol. 1. Amsterdam: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2010. p. 386–399.
Kotwal N, Kumar Y, Upreti V, Singh A, Garg MK. Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling using vasopressin. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2016;20(3):399.
Gunn AJ, Iqbal SI, Kalva SP, Walker TG, Ganguli S, Salazar GM, et al. Intravascular ultrasound‐guided inferior vena cava filter placement using a single‐puncture technique in 99 patients. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2013;47(2):97–101.
Gandhi CD, Meyer SA, Patel AB, Johnson DM, Post KD. Neurologic complications of inferior petrosal sinus sampling. Am J Neuroradiol. 2008;29(4):760–765.
Blevins LS, Clark RV, Owens DS. Thromboembolic complications after inferior petrosal sinus sampling in patients with Cushing's syndrome. Endocr Pract. 1998;4(6):365–367.
Bonelli FS, Huston J 3rd, Meyer FB, Carpenter PC. Venous subarachnoid hemorrhage after inferior petrosal sinus sampling for adrenocorticotropic hormone. Am J Neuroradiol. 1999;20(2):306–307.
Obuobie K, Davies JS, Ogunko A, Scanlon MF. Venous thrombo‐embolism following inferior petrosal sinus sampling in Cushing's disease. J Endocrinol Invest. 2000;23(8):542–544.
Park JW, Park S, Kim JL, Lee HaY, Shin JiE, Hyun DHo, et al. Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling by unilateral femoral venous approach. Neurointervention. 2011;6(1):23–26.
Zampetti B, Grossrubatscher E, Dalino Ciaramella P, Boccardi E, Loli P. Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling. Endocr Connect. 2016;5(4):R12–R25.
Giraldi FP, Cavallo LM, Tortora F, Pivonello R, Colao A, Cappabianca P, et al. The role of inferior petrosal sinus sampling in ACTH‐dependent Cushing's syndrome: review and joint opinion statement by members of the Italian Society for Endocrinology, Italian Society for Neurosurgery, and Italian Society for Neuroradiology. Neurosurg Focus. 2015;38(2):E5.
Sheth SA, Mian MK, Neal J, Tritos NA, Nachtigall L, Klibanski A, et al. Transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing disease after nondiagnostic inferior petrosal sinus sampling. Neurosurgery. 2012;71(1):14–22. https://doi.org/10.1227/NEU.0b013e31824f8e2e. PMID: 22353796.
Yamamoto Y, Davis DH, Nippoldt TB, Young WF, Huston J, Parisi JE. False‐positive inferior petrosal sinus sampling in the diagnosis of Cushing's disease: report of two cases. J Neurosurg. 1995;83(6):1087–1091.
Sharma S, Nieman L. Is prolactin measurement of value during inferior petrosal sinus sampling in patients with adrenocorticotropic hormone‐dependent Cushing's syndrome? J Endocrinol Invest. 2013;36(11):1112–1116.
De Sousa SMC, Mccormack AI, Mcgrath S, Torpy DJ. Prolactin correction for adequacy of petrosal sinus cannulation may diminish diagnostic accuracy in Cushing's disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2017;87(5):515–522.
Loli P, Boccardi E, Branca V, Bramerio M, Barberis M, Losa M, et al. Growth hormone and prolactin responses to corticotrophin‐releasing‐hormone in patients with Cushing's disease: a paracrine action of the adenomatous corticotrophic cells? Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1998;49(4):433–439.
Findling JW, Raff H. Newer diagnostic techniques and problems in Cushing's disease. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1999;28(1):191–210.
Young J, Deneux C, Grino M, Oliver C, Chanson P, Schaison G. Pitfall of petrosal sinus sampling in a Cushing's syndrome secondary to ectopic adrenocorticotropin‐corticotropin releasing hormone (ACTH‐CRH) secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998;83(2):305–308.
Atkinson B, Mullan KR. What is the best approach to suspected cyclical Cushing syndrome? Strategies for managing Cushing's syndrome with variable laboratory data. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2011;75(1):27–30.
Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 52–1987. A 20‐year‐old woman with Cushing's disease and a pulmonary nodule. N Engl J Med. 1987;317(26):1648–1658.
Alexandraki KI, Kaltsas GA, Isidori AM, Akker SA, Drake WM, Chew SL, et al. The prevalence and characteristic features of cyclicity and variability in Cushing's disease. Eur J Endocrinol. 2009;160:1011–1018.
Nowak E, Vogel F, Albani A, Braun L, Rubinstein G, Zopp S, et al. Diagnostic challenges in cyclic Cushing's syndrome: a systematic review. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2023;11(8):593–606. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213‐8587(23)00150‐X.
Utz A, Biller BM. The role of bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2007;51:1329–1338.
Zerikly RK, Eray E, Faiman C, Prayson R, Lorenz RR, Weil RJ, et al. Cyclic Cushing syndrome due to an ectopic pituitary adenoma. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2009;5(3):174–179.
Albani A, Berr CM, Beuschlein F, Treitl M, Hallfeldt K, Honegger J, et al. A pitfall of bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling in cyclic Cushing's syndrome. BMC Endocr Disord. 2019;19(1):1–6.
Johnston PC, Kennedy L, Weil RJ, Hamrahian AH. Ectopic ACTH‐secreting pituitary adenomas within the sphenoid sinus. Endocrine. 2014;47(3):717–724.
Landolt AM, Schubiger O, Maurer R, Girard J. The value of inferior petrosal sinus sampling in diagnosis and treatment of Cushing's disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1994;40(4):485–492.
Snow RB, Patterson RH, Horwith M, Saint Louis L, Fraser RAR. Usefulness of preoperative inferior petrosal vein sampling in Cushing's disease. Surg Neurol. 1988;29(1):17–21.
Shi X, Sun Q, Bian L, Zhao W, Shen J, Wang W, et al. Assessment of bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of the ACTH‐dependent Cushing's syndrome: a comparison with other tests. Neuroendocrinol Lett. 2011;32:865–873.
Potts MB, Shah JK, Molinaro AM, Blevins LS, Tyrrell JB, Kunwar S, et al. Cavernous and inferior petrosal sinus sampling and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in the preoperative evaluation of Cushing's disease. J Neurooncol. 2014;116(3):593–600.
De Herder WW, Uitterlinden P, Pieterman H, Tanghe HLJ, Kwekkeboom DJ, Pols HAP, et al. Pituitary tumour localization in patients with Cushing's disease by magnetic resonance imaging. Is there a place for petrosal sinus sampling? Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1994;40(1):87–92.
Crock PA, Pestell RG, Calenti AJ, Gilford EJ, Henderson JK, Best JD, et al. Multiple pituitary hormone gradients from inferior petrosal sinus sampling in Cushing's disease. Eur J Endocrinol. 1988;119(1):75–80.
Vignati F, Berselli ME, Scialfa G, Boccardi E, Loli P. Bilateral and simultaneous venous sampling of inferior petrosal sinuses for ACTH and PRL determination: preoperative localization of ACTH‐secreting microadenomas. J Endocrinol Invest. 1989;12(4):235–238.
Zovickian J, Oldfield EH, Doppman JL, Cutler GB, Loriaux DL. Usefulness of inferior petrosal sinus venous endocrine markers in Cushing's disease. J Neurosurg. 1988;68(2):205–210.
Schulte HM, Allolio B, Gunther RW, Benker G, Winkelmann W, Ohnhaus EE, et al. Selective bilateral and simultaneous catheterization of the inferior petrosal sinus: CRF stimulates prolactin secretion from ACTH‐producing microadenomas in Cushing's disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1988;28(3):289–295.
Heaney AP, Melmed S. Molecular targets in pituitary tumours. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004;4(4):285–295.
Akbari H, Ghorbani M, Kabootari M, Mehrjardi AZ, Mohajeri Tehrani MR, Malek M, et al. Usefulness of prolactin measurement in inferior petrosal sinus sampling with desmopressin for Cushing's syndrome. Br J Neurosurg. 2020;34(3):253–257. https://doi.org/10.1080/02688697.2020.1736263.
Detomas M, Ritzel K, Nasi‐Kordhishti I, Schernthaner‐Reiter MH, Losa M, Tröger V, et al. Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling with human CRH stimulation in ACTH‐dependent Cushing's syndrome: results from a retrospective multicenter study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2023;188(5):lvad050. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejendo/lvad050.
Lyu X, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Zhu H, Pan H, Chen S, et al. Should we use prolactin adjustment in bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling to diagnose cushing's disease? A joint meta‐analysis of head‐to‐head diagnostic tests accuracy studies. Endocr Pract. 2023;29(4):254–259. S1530‐891X(23)00021‐6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eprac.2023.01.008. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36649781.
Perlman JE, Johnston PC, Hui F, Mulligan G, Weil RJ, Recinos PF, et al. Pitfalls in performing and interpreting inferior petrosal sinus sampling: personal experience and literature review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021;106(5):e1953–e1967. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab012.
Doppman JL, Chang R, Oldfield EH, Chrousos G, Stratakis CA, Nieman LK. The hypoplastic inferior petrosal sinus: a potential source of false‐negative results in petrosal sampling for Cushing's disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84(2):533–540.
Bayraktar F, Kebapcilar L, Kocdor M, Asa S, Yesil S, Canda S, et al. Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic CRH secretion by adrenal pheochromocytoma accompanied by renal infarction. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2006;114(08):444–447.
Sauer N, Wiesch CSZ, Flitsch J, Saeger W, Klutmann S, Zustin J, et al. Cushing's syndrome due to a corticotropin‐releasing hormone‐and adrenocorticotrophic hormone‐producing neuroendocrine pancreatic tumor. Endocr Pract. 2014;20(4):e53–e57.
Liu J, Heikkilä P, Voutilainen R, Karonen S‐L, Kahri AI. Pheochromocytoma expressing adrenocorticotropin and corticotropin‐releasing hormone; regulation by glucocorticoids and nerve growth factor. Eur J Endocrinol. 1994;131(3):221–228.
O'brien T, Young WF, Davlla DG, Schelthauer BW, Kovacs K, Horvath E, et al. Cushing's syndrome associated with ectopic production of corticotrophin‐releasing hormone, corticotrophin and vasopressin by a phaeochromocytoma. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1992;37(5):460–467.
Carr BR, Parker CR, Madden JD, Macdonald PC, Porter JC. Maternal plasma adrenocorticotropin and cortisol relationships throughout human pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1981;139(4):416–422.
Lindsay JR, Jonklaas J, Oldfield EH, Nieman LK. Cushing's syndrome during pregnancy: personal experience and review of the literature. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(5):3077–3083.
Pinette MG, Pan Y, Oppenheim D, Pinette SG, Blackstone J. Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus corticotropin sampling with corticotropin‐releasing hormone stimulation in a pregnant patient with Cushing's syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994;171(2):563–564.
Batista D, Gennari M, Riar J, Chang R, Keil MF, Oldfield EH, et al. An assessment of petrosal sinus sampling for localization of pituitary microadenomas in children with Cushing disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(1):221–224.
Yagyu Y, Tsurusaki M, Kamiyama K, Kitagaki H, Murakami T. Feasible and technical aspects of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for non‐resectable hepatocellular carcinoma using a 3.5‐French catheter system. Abdom Imaging. 2014;39(6):1304–1308.
Liu H, Bravata DM, Cabaccan J, Raff H, Ryzen E. Elevated late‐night salivary cortisol levels in elderly male type 2 diabetic veterans. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2005;63(6):642–649.
Findling JW, Raff H. Diagnosis of endocrine disease: differentiation of pathologic/neoplastic hypercortisolism (Cushing's syndrome) from physiologic/non‐neoplastic hypercortisolism (formerly known as pseudo‐Cushing's syndrome). Eur J Endocrinol. 2017;176(5):R205–R216.
Gold PW, Loriaux DL, Roy A, Kling MA, Calabrese JR, Kellner CH, et al. Responses to corticotropin‐releasing hormone in the hypercortisolism of depression and Cushing's disease. N Engl J Med. 1986;314(21):1329–1335.
Nieman LK, Biller BMK, Findling JW, Newell‐Price J, Savage MO, Stewart PM, et al. The diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(5):1526–1540.
Doppman JL. Bilateral sampling of the internal jugular vein to distinguish between mechanisms of adrenocorticotropic hormone‐dependent Cushing syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1998;128(1):33–36.
Erickson D, Huston J, Young WF, Carpenter PC, Wermers RA, Bonelli FS, et al. Internal jugular vein sampling in adrenocorticotropic hormone‐dependent Cushing's syndrome: a comparison with inferior petrosal sinus sampling. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2004;60(4):413–419.
Radvany MG, Quinones‐Hinojosa A, Gallia GL, Wand GS, Salvatori R. Venous sampling for Cushing disease: comparison of internal jugular vein and inferior petrosal sinus sampling. Endocr Pract. 2016;22(9):1057–1061.
Fujimura M, Ikeda H, Takahashi A, Ezura M, Yoshimoto T, Tominaga T. Diagnostic value of super‐selective bilateral cavernous sinus sampling with hypothalamic stimulating hormone loading in patients with ACTH‐producing pituitary adenoma. Neurol Res. 2005;27(1):11–15.
Frete C, Corcuff JB, Kuhn E, Salenave S, Gaye D, Young J, et al. Non‐invasive diagnostic strategy in ACTH‐dependent Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(10):3273–3284.
فهرسة مساهمة: Keywords: CRH; Cushing's disease; desmopressin; ectopic ACTH; petrosal sampling
المشرفين على المادة: 9002-60-2 (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone)
تواريخ الأحداث: Date Created: 20240412 Date Completed: 20240611 Latest Revision: 20240611
رمز التحديث: 20240612
DOI: 10.1111/joim.13789
PMID: 38606956
قاعدة البيانات: MEDLINE
الوصف
تدمد:1365-2796
DOI:10.1111/joim.13789