دورية أكاديمية
أعرض في EDS

Community engagement and power dynamics in conservation philanthropy grant making.

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: Community engagement and power dynamics in conservation philanthropy grant making.
المؤلفون: Betsill MM; Department of Political Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA., Gruby RL; Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA., Blackwatters J; Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA., Enrici A; Lilly Family School of Philanthropy, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA., Le Cornu E; Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA., Basurto X; Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA., English C; The David and Lucile Packard Foundation, Los Altos, California, USA., Hudson C; Lenfest Ocean Program, Washington, DC, USA., Meth L; California Environmental Associates, San Francisco, California, USA., Fairweather-Morrison I; Oak Foundation, Geneva, Switzerland., Okano D; Hawaii Community Foundation, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA., Secord D; Barnacle Strategies, Salt Spring Island, British Columbia, Canada.
المصدر: Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology [Conserv Biol] 2024 Aug; Vol. 38 (4), pp. e14272. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 15.
نوع المنشور: Journal Article
اللغة: English
بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Blackwell Publishing, Inc. on behalf of the Society for Conservation Biology Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9882301 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1523-1739 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08888892 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Conserv Biol Subsets: MEDLINE
أسماء مطبوعة: Publication: Malden, MA : Blackwell Publishing, Inc. on behalf of the Society for Conservation Biology
Original Publication: Boston, Mass. : Blackwell Scientific Publications,
مواضيع طبية MeSH: Conservation of Natural Resources*/methods , Conservation of Natural Resources*/economics , Community Participation*, Decision Making ; Fund Raising ; Financing, Organized
مستخلص: Funding decisions influence where, how, and by whom conservation is pursued globally. In the context of growing calls for more participatory, Indigenous-led, and socially just conservation, we undertook the first empirical investigation of how philanthropic foundations working in marine conservation globally engage communities in grant-making decisions. We paid particular attention to whether and how community engagement practices reinforce or disrupt existing power dynamics. We conducted semistructured remote interviews with 46 individuals from 32 marine conservation foundations to identify how conservation foundations engage communities in setting their priorities and deciding which organizations and projects to fund. We found that community engagement in foundation decision-making was limited in practice. Eleven of the 32 foundations reported some form of community engagement in funding decisions. Two of these foundations empowered communities to shape funding priorities and projects through strong forms of engagement. Many engagement practices were one way, one time, or indirect and confined to certain points in decision-making processes. These weaker practices limited community input and reinforced unequal power relations, which may undermine the legitimacy, equity, and effectiveness of conservation efforts. We suggest that foundations aim for stronger forms of community engagement and reflect on how their grant-making practices affect power relations between foundations and communities.
(© 2024 The Authors. Conservation Biology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Conservation Biology.)
References: Australian Environmental Grantmakers Network (AEGN). (2022). Environmental and Climate Change Giving Trends 2022. https://www.aegn.org.au/environmental‐and‐climate‐change‐giving‐trends‐2022/.
Agrawal, A., & Gibson, C. C. (1999). Enchantment and disenchantment: The role of community in natural resource conservation. World Development, 27, 629–649.
Álvarez, L., & Coolsaet, B. (2020). Decolonizing environmental justice studies: A Latin American perspective. Capitalism Nature Socialism, 31, 50–69.
Arnstein, S. R. (1969). A ladder of citizen participation. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 35, 216–224.
Asiti, W. (2023, June 14). Actualizing trust‐based, participatory grantmaking for youth climate movements! Alliance. https://www.alliancemagazine.org/blog/actualizing‐trust‐based‐participatory‐grantmaking‐for‐youth‐climate‐movements.
Beer, C. M. (2023). Bankrolling biodiversity: The politics of philanthropic conservation finance in Chile. Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, 6(2), 1191–1213.
Bennett, N. J., Katz, L., Yadao‐Evans, W., Ahmadia, G. N., Atkinson, S., Ban, N. C., Dawson, N. M., de Vos, A., Fitzpatrick, J., Gill, D., & Imirizaldu, M. (2021). Advancing social equity in and through marine conservation. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, 711538.
Betsill, M. M., Enrici, A., Le Cornu, E., & Gruby, R. L. (2022). Philanthropic foundations as agents of environmental governance: A research agenda. Environmental Politics, 31(4), 684–705.
Blackwatters, J. E., Betsill, M., Enrici, A., Le Cornu, E., Basurto, X., & Gruby, R. L. (2023). More than funders: The roles of philanthropic foundations in marine conservation governance. Conservation Science and Practice, 5, e12829.
Blasiak, R., Wabnitz, C. C., Daw, T., Berger, M., Blandon, A., Carneiro, G., Crona, B., Davidson, M. F., Guggisberg, S., Hills, J., & Mallin, F. (2019). Towards greater transparency and coherence in funding for sustainable marine fisheries and healthy oceans. Marine Policy, 107, 103508.
Breeze, B. (2021). In defence of philanthropy. Agenda Publishing.
brown, A. M. (2017). Emergent strategy: Shaping change, changing worlds. AK Press.
Caldwell, M. (2023). Centering people in our commitment to a healthy ocean. The David & Lucile Packard Foundation. https://www.packard.org/insights/perspectives/centering‐people‐in‐our‐commitment‐to‐a‐healthy‐ocean2/.
California Environmental Associate Consulting (CEA). (2019). Our shared seas: Funding report. https://oursharedseas.com/2019‐reports/funding‐report/.
California Environmental Associate Consulting (CEA). (2021). A decade of ocean funding: Landscape trends 2010–2020. https://oursharedseas.com/funding/.
Callahan, D. (2015, June 4). Still in the dark: Why philanthropy remains a black box. Inside Philanthropy. https://www.insidephilanthropy.com/home/2015/6/4/still‐in‐the‐dark‐why‐philanthropy‐remains‐a‐black‐box.html.
Carlisle, K., & Gruby, R. L. (2019). Polycentric systems of governance: A theoretical model for the commons. Policy Studies Journal, 47(4), 927–952.
Climate Justice Resilience Fund. (2022). Call for applications: CJRF's new governing board. https://www.cjrfund.org/news/2022/8/1/call‐for‐applications‐cjrfs‐new‐governing‐board.
Cottingham, A. (2013). Smarter Relationships, Better Results: Making the most of grantmakers’ work with intermediaries. Grantmakers for Effective Organizations. https://www.issuelab.org/resources/24414/24414.pdf.
Curnow, J., & Helferty, A. (2018). Contradictions of solidarity: Whiteness, settler coloniality, and the mainstream environmental movement. Environment and Society, 9, 145–163.
David, T. (2021, April 1). Power and the changing role of intermediaries. Non Profit News | Nonprofit Quarterly. https://nonprofitquarterly.org/power‐and‐the‐changing‐role‐of‐intermediaries.
Dawson, N. M., Coolsaet, B., Sterling, E. J., Loveridge, R., Gross‐Camp, N. D., Wongbusarakum, S., Sangha, K. K., Scherl, L. M., Phuong Phan, H., Zafra‐Calvo, N., & Lavey, W. G. (2021). The role of Indigenous peoples and local communities in effective and equitable conservation. Ecology and Society, 26, 19.
Delfin, F. G., & Tang, S. Y. (2008). Foundation impact on environmental nongovernmental organizations: The grantees’ perspective. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 37(4), 603–625.
Dunning, C. (2023). No strings attached: Philanthropy, race, and donor control from black power to black lives matter. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 52(1), 29–49.
Enrici, A., Gruby, R. L., Betsill, M. M., Cornu, E. Le, Blackwatters, J. E., Basurto, X., Govan, H., Holm, T., Jupiter, S. D., & Mangubhai, S. (2023). Who's setting the agenda? Philanthropic donor influence in marine conservation. Ecology and Society, 28(3), 2.
Environmental Grantmakers Association. (2021). Tracking the field: Volume 7: Analyzing trends in environmental grantmaking. https://ega.org/publications/tracking‐field‐volume‐7.
Fiennes, C. (2017). We need a science of philanthropy. Nature, 546, 187–187.
Gibson, C. (2017). Participatory grantmaking: Has its time come? Ford Foundation. https://www.fordfoundation.org/media/3598/has‐the‐time‐come‐for‐participatory‐grant‐making.pdf.
Gilson, G. G., & Garrick, D. E. (2021). Can philanthropy enable collective action to conserve rivers? Insights from a decade of collaboration in the Colorado River Basin. Conservation and Society, 19(3), 190–194.
Greenfield, P. (2021, September 29). Record $5bn donation to protect nature could herald new green era of giving. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/sep/29/record‐5bn‐donation‐to‐protect‐nature‐could‐herald‐new‐green‐era‐of‐giving‐aoe.
Gruby, R. L., Enrici, A., Betsill, M., Le Cornu, E., & Basurto, X. (2021). Opening the black box of conservation philanthropy: A co‐produced research agenda on private foundations in marine conservation. Marine Policy, 132, 104645.
Gruby, R. L., Miller, D. C., Enrici, A., & Garrick, D. (2023). Conservation philanthropy: Growing the field of research and practice. Conservation Science and Practice, 5(5), e12977.
Gurney, G. G., Blythe, J., Adams, H., Adger, W. N., Curnock, M., Faulkner, L., James, T., & Marshall, N. A. (2017). Redefining community based on place attachment in a connected world. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114, 10077–10082.
Herro, A., & Obeng‐Odoom, F. (2019). Foundations of radical philanthropy. Voluntas, 30, 881–890.
Heydemann, S., & Toepler, S. (2006). Foundations and the challenge of legitimacy in comparative perspective. In K. Prewitt, M. Dogan, S. Heydemann, & S. Toepler (Eds.), The legitimacy of philanthropic foundations: United States and European perspectives (pp. 3–26). Russel Sage Foundation.
Holmes, G. (2012). Biodiversity for billionaires: Capitalism, conservation and the role of philanthropy in saving/selling nature. Development and Change, 43(1), 185–203.
Hutton, J., Adams, W. M., & Murombedzi, J. C. (2005). Back to the barriers? Changing narratives in biodiversity conservation. Forum for Development Studies, 2, 341–370.
INCITE!. (Ed.). (2017). The revolution will not be funded: Beyond the non‐profit industrial complex. Duke University Press.
International Association of Public Participation. (2018). IAP2 spectrum of public participation. https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.iap2.org/resource/resmgr/pillars/Spectrum_8.5X11_Print.pdf.
IUPUI Lilly Family School of Philanthropy. (2021). Giving USA 2021: The annual report on philanthropy for the year 2020, https://givingusa.org/.
Jones, B. (2021, November 2). What happens when billionaires hop on the biodiversity bandwagon. Vox. https://www.vox.com/down‐to‐earth/22686696/jeff‐bezos‐amazon‐billionaires‐biodiversity‐conservation.
Jones, C. (2012). Ecophilanthropy, neoliberal conservation, and the transformation of Chilean Patagonia's Chacabuco Valley. Oceania, 82(3), 250–263.
Jung, T., & Harrow, J. (2015). New development: Philanthropy in networked governance—Treading with care. Public Money & Management, 35(1), 47–52.
Kalfagianni, A. (2022). Philanthropic foundations as agents of justice in global sustainability governance. Global Studies Quarterly, 2(3), ksac033.
Kavate, M. (2022, March 29). MacKenzie Scott's green giving expands, sending millions to the front lines of climate change. Inside Philanthropy. https://www.insidephilanthropy.com/home/2022/3/29/mackenzie‐scotts‐green‐giving‐expands‐sending‐millions‐to‐the‐front‐lines‐of‐climate‐change.
Kraeger, P. (2022). Shifting philanthropic engagement: Moving from funding to deliberation in the eras of the COVID‐19 global pandemic and black lives matter. Local Development & Society, 3(2), 298–311.
Kumar, A., & Brooks, S. (2021). Bridges, platforms and satellites: Theorizing the power of global philanthropy in international development. Economy and Society, 50(2), 322–345.
Landrum, J. P., Hudson, C. G., Close, S. L., Knight, E., Paquin, R. M., Bell, V., & Ripple, K. (2022). Grant‐making criteria for developing useful and usable marine science: A philanthropic perspective. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, 809953.
Lemos, M. C., Arnott, J. C., Ardoin, N. M., Baja, K., Bednarek, A. T., Dewulf, A., Fieseler, C., Goodrich, K. A., Jagannathan, K., Klenk, N., & Mach, K. J. (2018). To co‐produce or not to co‐produce. Nature Sustainability, 1, 722–724.
Martin, A., Coolsaet, B., Corbera, E., Dawson, N. M., Fraser, J. A., Lehmann, I., & Rodriguez, I. (2016). Justice and conservation: The need to incorporate recognition. Biological Conservation, 197, 254–261.
May, T. (2022). Friends of the lake? Ontological politics and the megacollector conflict. Nordia Geographical Publications, 51, 10–36.
McCarthy, D. (2004). Environmental justice grantmaking: Elites and activists collaborate to transform philanthropy. Sociological Inquiry, 74, 250–270.
Meyer, M., Goering, E. S., Hopkins, K., Hyde, C., Mattocks, N., & Denlinger, J. (2021). Walking the talk in participatory philanthropy. The Foundation Review, 13, 23–37.
Morena, E. (2016). The price of climate action: Philanthropic foundations in the international climate debate. Springer International Publishing.
Newig, J., Jager, N. W., Challies, E., & Kochskämper, E. (2023). Does stakeholder participation improve environmental governance? Evidence from a meta‐analysis of 305 case studies. Global Environmental Change, 82, 102705.
Nisbet, M. C. (2018). Strategic philanthropy in the post‐cap‐and‐trade years: Reviewing U.S. climate and energy foundation funding. WIREs Climate Change, 9(4), e524.
Parsons, M., Fisher, K., & Crease, R. P. (2021). Environmental justice and indigenous environmental justice. In M. Parsons, K. Fisher, & R. P. Crease (Eds.), Decolonising blue spaces in the Anthropocene: Freshwater management in Aotearoa New Zealand (pp. 39–73). Springer International Publishing.
Partzsch, L. (2017). ‘Power with’ and ‘power to’ in environmental politics and the transition to sustainability. Environmental Politics, 26(2), 193–211.
Partzsch, L., & Fuchs, D. (2012). Philanthropy: Power within international relations. Journal of Political Power, 5(3), 359–376.
Pitkin, B. (2020, June 25). Moving the rooms of power: Participatory philanthropy is gaining more power. Medium. https://billpitkin.medium.com/moving‐the‐rooms‐of‐power‐participatory‐philanthropy‐is‐gaining‐more‐traction‐64971ddd593b.
Pitkin, B. (2021, January 28). Program staff support participatory practices, but foundations still only go so far. Medium. https://billpitkin.medium.com/program‐staff‐support‐participatory‐practices‐but‐foundations‐still‐only‐go‐so‐far‐4c046d53b08b.
Quinn, R., Tompkins‐Stange, M., & Meyerson, D. (2014). Beyond grantmaking: Philanthropic foundations as agents of change and institutional entrepreneurs. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 43(6), 950–968.
Ramdas, K. N. (2011). Philanthrocapitalism: Reflections on politics and policy making. Society, 48(5), 393–396.
Ramutsindela, M., Spierenburg, M., & Wels, H. (2013). Sponsoring nature: Environmental philanthropy for conservation. Routledge.
Reich, R. (2016). Repugnant to the whole idea of democracy? On the role of foundations in democratic societies. PS: Political Science & Politics, 49(3), 466–472.
Rogers, R. (2015). Why the social sciences should take philanthropy seriously. Society, 52, 533–540.
Ruano‐Chamorro, C., Gurney, G. G., & Cinner, J. E. (2022). Advancing procedural justice in conservation. Conservation Letters, 15, e12861.
Ruti, M. (2006). Reinventing the soul: Posthumanist theory and psychic life. Other Press, LLC.
Saldaña, J. (2021). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. SAGE Publishers.
Saarkki, S., Heikkinen, H. I., & Löf, A. (2021). Reindeer herders as stakeholders or rights‐holders? Introducing a social equity‐based conceptualization relevant for Indigenous and local communities. In D. C. Nord (Ed.), Nordic perspectives on the responsible development of the Arctic: Pathways to action (pp. 271–292). Springer.
Scott‐Enns, I. (2020). Indigenous ways of giving + sharing: Indigenous‐led funds landscape scan report. International Funders for Indigenous Peoples. https://internationalfunders.org/wp‐content/uploads/2021/03/IFIP‐Indigenous‐Ways‐of‐Giving‐and‐Sharing‐Landscape‐Scan‐Report‐1.pdf.
Short, R. E., Gelcich, S., Little, D. C., Micheli, F., Allison, E. H., Basurto, X., Belton, B., Brugere, C., Bush, S. R., Cao, L., Crona, B., Cohen, P. J., Defeo, O., Edwards, P., Ferguson, C. E., Franz, N., Golden, C. D., Halpern, B. S., Hazen, L., … Zhang, W. (2021). Harnessing the diversity of small‐scale actors is key to the future of aquatic food systems. Nature Food, 2(9), 733–741.
Spade, D. (2020). Mutual aid: Building solidarity during this crisis (and the next). Verso Books.
Spalding, A. K., Grorud‐Colvert, K., Allison, E. H., Amon, D. J., Collin, R., de Vos, A., Friedlander, A. M., Johnson, S. M. O., Mayorga, J., Paris, C. B., Scott, C., & Thurber, R. V. (2023). Engaging the tropical majority to make ocean governance and science more equitable and effective. npj Ocean Sustainability, 2(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44183‐023‐00015‐9.
Spierenburg, M., & Wels, H. (2010). Conservative philanthropists, royalty and business elites in nature conservation in southern Africa. Antipode, 42(3), 647–670.
Szanton, P. (2003). Toward more effective use of intermediaries. The Foundation Center. https://folio.iupui.edu/handle/10244/16.
Taylor, D., & Blondell, M. (2023). Examining disparities in environmental grantmaking: Where the money goes. Yale School of the Environment. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.10106.36801.
Tedesco, D. (2015). American foundations in the great bear rainforest: Philanthrocapitalism, governmentality, and democracy. Geoforum, 65, 12–24.
Trust‐based Philanthropy Project. (2022). A trust‐based framework for learning & evaluation in philanthropy. https://www.trustbasedphilanthropy.org/resources‐articles/tbp‐cei‐learning‐evaluation‐framework.
The Aspen Institute. (2022). Evaluation of the Hewlett Foundation's sub‐strategy to support local family planning and reproductive health advocacy in sub‐Saharan Africa. https://hewlett.org/wp‐content/uploads/2022/03/Global‐Reproductive‐Equity‐Strategy‐Evaluation‐2022‐English.pdf.
Villanueva, E. (2021). Decolonizing wealth, second edition: Indigenous wisdom to heal divides and restore balance. Berrett‐Koehler Publishers.
Villanueva, E. [@VillanuevaEdgar] (2022, July 29). To makes grants to a community without advisement and engagement with that said community can be considered philanthropic malpractice. What other funder behaviors would you consider philanthropic malpractice? #decolonizingwealth [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/VillanuevaEdgar/status/1553039412891623426.
Wyborn, C., Leath, P., Hutton, J. M., & Ryan, M. (2017). The science, policy and practice interface. Luc Hoffmann Institute. https://archive‐ouverte.unige.ch/unige:113806.
Xu, H., Cao, Y., Yu, D., Cao, M., He, Y., Gill, M., & Pereira, H. M. (2021). Ensuring effective implementation of the post‐2020 global biodiversity targets. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 5(4), 411–418.
معلومات مُعتمدة: 2017-66579 David and Lucile Packard Foundation; 2018-68274 David and Lucile Packard Foundation; 1810-05974 Margaret A. Cargill Philanthropies
فهرسة مساهمة: Keywords: communities; comunidades; conservación marina; decisiones de financiamiento; environmental philanthropy; filantropía ambiental; funding decisions; gestión; governance; marine conservation
Local Abstract: [Publisher, Spanish; Castilian] Participación comunitaria y dinámicas de poder en la concesión de subsidios para la filantropía de la conservación Resumen Realizamos la primera investigación empírica sobre la forma en que las fundaciones filantrópicas que trabajan con la conservación marina a nivel mundial involucran a las comunidades en las decisiones para la concesión de subsidios. Prestamos especial atención a cómo y si las prácticas de participación ciudadana refuerzan o interrumpen las dinámicas de poder existentes. Entrevistamos de forma remota a 46 individuos de 32 fundaciones de conservación marina para identificar cómo las fundaciones de conservación involucran a las comunidades para establecer sus prioridades y decidir cuáles organizaciones y proyectos financiar. Encontramos que la participación comunitaria en las decisiones de financiamiento estaba limitada en la práctica. Once de las 32 fundaciones reportaron algún tipo de participación ciudadana en sus decisiones de financiamiento. Dos de estas fundaciones empoderaron a las comunidades para que formaran las prioridades de financiamiento y a los proyectos por medio de una participación sólida. Muchas de las prácticas de participación eran de una manera, de una vez o indirectas y confinadas a ciertos puntos en el proceso de decisión. Estas prácticas más débiles limitaron la aportación comunitaria y reforzaron las relaciones desiguales de poder, lo que puede debilitar la legitimidad, equidad y eficiencia de los esfuerzos de conservación. Sugerimos que las fundaciones busquen maneras más sólidas de involucrar a la comunidad y reflexionen sobre el efecto de sus prácticas de concesión de subsidios sobre las relaciones de poder entre las fundaciones y las comunidades.
تواريخ الأحداث: Date Created: 20240416 Date Completed: 20240723 Latest Revision: 20240723
رمز التحديث: 20240723
DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14272
PMID: 38622959
قاعدة البيانات: MEDLINE
الوصف
تدمد:1523-1739
DOI:10.1111/cobi.14272