دورية أكاديمية

Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease: An Update.

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease: An Update.
المؤلفون: Deliz JR; Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA., Tanner CM; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California -San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Gonzalez-Latapi P; Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA. paulina.latapi@northwestern.edu.
المصدر: Current neurology and neuroscience reports [Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep] 2024 Jun; Vol. 24 (6), pp. 163-179. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 20.
نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Review
اللغة: English
بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Current Science Inc Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 100931790 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1534-6293 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15284042 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep Subsets: MEDLINE
أسماء مطبوعة: Original Publication: Philadelphia, PA : Current Science Inc., c2001-
مواضيع طبية MeSH: Parkinson Disease*/epidemiology, Humans ; Risk Factors
مستخلص: Purpose of Review: In recent decades, epidemiological understanding of Parkinson disease (PD) has evolved significantly. Major discoveries in genetics and large epidemiological investigations have provided a better understanding of the genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors that play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of PD. In this review, we provide an epidemiological update of PD with a particular focus on advances in the last five years of published literature.
Recent Findings: We include an overview of PD pathophysiology, followed by a detailed discussion of the known distribution of disease and varied determinants of disease. We describe investigations of risk factors for PD, and provide a critical summary of current knowledge, knowledge gaps, and both clinical and research implications. We emphasize the need to characterize the epidemiology of the disease in diverse populations. Despite increasing understanding of PD epidemiology, recent paradigm shifts in the conceptualization of PD as a biological entity will also impact epidemiological research moving forward and guide further work in this field.
(© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
References: Parkinson J. An essay on the shaking palsy. 1817. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2002;14(2):223–36. https://doi.org/10.1176/jnp.14.2.223 . (PMID: 10.1176/jnp.14.2.22311983801)
Postuma RB, Berg D, Stern M, Poewe W, Olanow CW, Oertel W, Obeso J, Marek K, Litvan I, Lang AE, Halliday G, Goetz CG, Gasser T, Dubois B, Chan P, Bloem BR, Adler CH, Deuschl G. MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2015;30(12):1591–601. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.26424 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.2642426474316)
Del Tredici K, Braak H. Review: Sporadic Parkinson's disease: development and distribution of alpha-synuclein pathology. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2016;42(1):33–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/nan.12298 . (PMID: 10.1111/nan.1229826662475)
Fullard ME, Morley JF, Duda JE. Olfactory Dysfunction as an Early Biomarker in Parkinson's Disease. Neurosci Bull. 2017;33(5):515–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-017-0170-x . (PMID: 10.1007/s12264-017-0170-x288316805636737)
Ross GW, Abbott RD, Petrovitch H, Tanner CM, Davis DG, Nelson J, Markesbery WR, Hardman J, Masaki K, Launer L, White LR. Association of olfactory dysfunction with incidental Lewy bodies. Mov Disord. 2006;21(12):2062–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.21076 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.2107616991138)
Ross GW, Petrovitch H, Abbott RD, Tanner CM, Popper J, Masaki K, Launer L, White LR. Association of olfactory dysfunction with risk for future Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol. 2008;63(2):167–73. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.21291 . (PMID: 10.1002/ana.2129118067173)
Abbott RD, Petrovitch H, White LR, Masaki KH, Tanner CM, Curb JD, Grandinetti A, Blanchette PL, Popper JS, Ross GW. Frequency of bowel movements and the future risk of Parkinson's disease. Neurology. 2001;57(3):456–62. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.57.3.456 . (PMID: 10.1212/wnl.57.3.45611502913)
Abbott RD, Ross GW, Petrovitch H, Tanner CM, Davis DG, Masaki KH, Launer LJ, Curb JD, White LR. Bowel movement frequency in late-life and incidental Lewy bodies. Mov Disord. 2007;22(11):1581–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.21560 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.2156017523195)
Adams-Carr KL, Bestwick JP, Shribman S, Lees A, Schrag A, Noyce AJ. Constipation preceding Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2016;87(7):710–6. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2015-311680 . (PMID: 10.1136/jnnp-2015-31168026345189)
Camacho-Soto A, Gross A, Searles Nielsen S, Dey N, Racette BA. Inflammatory bowel disease and risk of Parkinson's disease in Medicare beneficiaries. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2018;50:23–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.02.008 . (PMID: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.02.008294591155943158)
Benarroch EE. Locus coeruleus. Cell Tissue Res. 2018;373(1):221–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-017-2649-1 . (PMID: 10.1007/s00441-017-2649-128687925)
Frouni I, Kwan C, Belliveau S, Huot P. Cognition and serotonin in Parkinson's disease. Prog Brain Res. 2022;269(1):373–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.01.013 . (PMID: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.01.01335248202)
Simon DK, Tanner CM, Brundin P. Parkinson Disease Epidemiology, Pathology, Genetics, and Pathophysiology. Clin Geriatr Med. 2020;36(1):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2019.08.002 . (PMID: 10.1016/j.cger.2019.08.00231733690)
Barazzuol L, Giamogante F, Brini M, Cali T. PINK1/Parkin Mediated Mitophagy, Ca(2+) Signalling, and ER-Mitochondria Contacts in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(5) https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051772 .
Borsche M, Pereira SL, Klein C, Grunewald A. Mitochondria and Parkinson's Disease: Clinical, Molecular, and Translational Aspects. J Parkinsons Dis. 2021;11(1):45–60. https://doi.org/10.3233/JPD-201981 . (PMID: 10.3233/JPD-201981330741907990451)
Tansey MG, Romero-Ramos M. Immune system responses in Parkinson's disease: Early and dynamic. Eur J Neurosci. 2019;49(3):364–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.14290 . (PMID: 10.1111/ejn.1429030474172)
Gonzalez-Latapi P, Marras C. Epidemiological Evidence for an Immune Component of Parkinson's Disease. J Parkinsons Dis. 2022;12(s1):S29–43. https://doi.org/10.3233/JPD-223180 . (PMID: 10.3233/JPD-223180356610199535552)
Siderowf A, Concha-Marambio L, Lafontant DE, Farris CM, Ma Y, Urenia PA, Nguyen H, Alcalay RN, Chahine LM, Foroud T, Galasko D, Kieburtz K, Merchant K, Mollenhauer B, Poston KL, Seibyl J, Simuni T, Tanner CM, Weintraub D, et al. Assessment of heterogeneity among participants in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative cohort using alpha-synuclein seed amplification: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Neurol. 2023;22(5):407–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(23)00109-6 . (PMID: 10.1016/S1474-4422(23)00109-63705950910627170)
Wang Z, Becker K, Donadio V, Siedlak S, Yuan J, Rezaee M, Incensi A, Kuzkina A, Orru CD, Tatsuoka C, Liguori R, Gunzler SA, Caughey B, Jimenez-Capdeville ME, Zhu X, Doppler K, Cui L, Chen SG, Ma J, Zou WQ. Skin alpha-Synuclein Aggregation Seeding Activity as a Novel Biomarker for Parkinson Disease. JAMA Neurol. 2020;78(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.3311 . (PMID: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.3311331595267648910)
Chahine LM, Merchant K, Siderowf A, Sherer T, Tanner C, Marek K, Simuni T. Proposal for a Biologic Staging System of Parkinson's Disease. J Parkinsons Dis. 2023;13(3):297–309. https://doi.org/10.3233/JPD-225111 . (PMID: 10.3233/JPD-2251113706692210200239)
Pringsheim T, Jette N, Frolkis A, Steeves TD. The prevalence of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mov Disord. 2014;29(13):1583–90. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.25945 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.2594524976103)
Group, G. B. D. N. D. C. Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders during 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet Neurol. 2017;16(11):877–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30299-5 . (PMID: 10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30299-5)
Collaborators, G. B. D. P. s. D. Global, regional, and national burden of Parkinson's disease, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol. 2018;17(11):939–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30295-3 . (PMID: 10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30295-3)
Llibre-Guerra JJ, Prina M, Sosa AL, Acosta D, Jimenez-Velazquez IZ, Guerra M, Salas A, Llibre-Guerra JC, Valvuerdi A, Peeters G, Ziegemeier E, Acosta I, Tanner C, Juncos J, Llibre Rodriguez JJ. Prevalence of parkinsonism and Parkinson disease in urban and rural populations from Latin America: A community based study. Lancet Reg Health Am. 2022;7:None. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2021.100136 . (PMID: 10.1016/j.lana.2021.10013635300390)
Williams U, Bandmann O, Walker R. Parkinson's Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Epidemiology, Genetics and Access to Care. J Mov Disord. 2018;11(2):53–64. https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.17028 . (PMID: 10.14802/jmd.17028298607835990907)
Willis AW, Roberts E, Beck JC, Fiske B, Ross W, Savica R, Van Den Eeden SK, Tanner CM, Marras C, Parkinson's Foundation, P G. Incidence of Parkinson disease in North America. NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2022;8(1):170. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-022-00410-y . (PMID: 10.1038/s41531-022-00410-y365223329755252)
Marras C, Beck JC, Bower JH, Roberts E, Ritz B, Ross GW, Abbott RD, Savica R, Van Den Eeden SK, Willis AW, Tanner CM, Parkinson's Foundation, P G. Prevalence of Parkinson's disease across North America. NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2018;4:21. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-018-0058-0 . (PMID: 10.1038/s41531-018-0058-0300031406039505)
Dorsey ER, Sherer T, Okun MS, Bloem BR. The Emerging Evidence of the Parkinson Pandemic. J Parkinsons Dis. 2018;8(s1):S3–8. https://doi.org/10.3233/JPD-181474 . (PMID: 10.3233/JPD-181474305841596311367)
Wright Willis A, Evanoff BA, Lian M, Criswell SR, Racette BA. Geographic and ethnic variation in Parkinson disease: a population-based study of US Medicare beneficiaries. Neuroepidemiology. 2010;34(3):143–51. https://doi.org/10.1159/000275491 . (PMID: 10.1159/000275491200903752865395)
Bailey M, Anderson S, Hall DA. Parkinson's Disease in African Americans: A Review of the Current Literature. J Parkinsons Dis. 2020;10(3):831–41. https://doi.org/10.3233/JPD-191823 . (PMID: 10.3233/JPD-191823324177947458499)
Bandres-Ciga S, Black, & African American Connections to Parkinson's Disease Study, G. Black and African American Connections to Parkinson's Disease Study: Addressing Missing Diversity in Parkinson's Disease Genetics. Mov Disord. 2022;37(7):1559–61. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.29042 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.29042354887989348590)
Rizig M, Bandres-Ciga S, Makarious MB, Ojo OO, Crea PW, Abiodun OV, Levine KS, Abubakar SA, Achoru CO, Vitale D, Adeniji OA, Agabi OP, Koretsky MJ, Agulanna U, Hall DA, Akinyemi RO, Xie T, Ali MW, Shamim EA, et al. Identification of genetic risk loci and causal insights associated with Parkinson's disease in African and African admixed populations: a genome-wide association study. Lancet Neurol. 2023; https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(23)00283-1 .
Loesch DP, Horimoto A, Heilbron K, Sarihan EI, Inca-Martinez M, Mason E, Cornejo-Olivas M, Torres L, Mazzetti P, Cosentino C, Sarapura-Castro E, Rivera-Valdivia A, Medina AC, Dieguez E, Raggio V, Lescano A, Tumas V, Borges V, Ferraz HB, et al. Characterizing the Genetic Architecture of Parkinson's Disease in Latinos. Ann Neurol. 2021;90(3):353–65. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.26153 . (PMID: 10.1002/ana.26153342276978457043)
van Rensburg ZJ, Abrahams S, Chetty D, Step K, Acker D, Lombard CJ, Elbaz A, Carr J, Bardien S. The South African Parkinson's Disease Study Collection. Mov Disord. 2022;37(1):230–2. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.28828 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.2882834676912)
Abraham DS, Gruber-Baldini AL, Magder LS, McArdle PF, Tom SE, Barr E, Schrader K, Shulman LM. Sex differences in Parkinson's disease presentation and progression. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2019;69:48–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.10.019 . (PMID: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.10.019316774556982644)
Gillies GE, Pienaar IS, Vohra S, Qamhawi Z. Sex differences in Parkinson's disease. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2014;35(3):370–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.02.002 . (PMID: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.02.002246073234096384)
Le Guen Y, Napolioni V, Belloy ME, Yu E, Krohn L, Ruskey JA, Gan-Or Z, Kennedy G, Eger SJ, Greicius MD. Common X-Chromosome Variants Are Associated with Parkinson Disease Risk. Ann Neurol. 2021;90(1):22–34. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.26051 . (PMID: 10.1002/ana.26051335830748601399)
Leal TP, Rao SC, French-Kwawu JN, Gouveia MH, Borda V, Bandres-Ciga S, Inca-Martinez M, Mason EA, Horimoto A, Loesch DP, Sarihan EI, Cornejo-Olivas MR, Torres LE, Mazzetti-Soler PE, Cosentino C, Sarapura-Castro EH, Rivera-Valdivia A, Medina AC, Dieguez EM, et al. X-Chromosome Association Study in Latin American Cohorts Identifies New Loci in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord. 2023;38(9):1625–35. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.29508 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.2950837469269)
Cerri S, Mus L, Blandini F. Parkinson's Disease in Women and Men: What's the Difference? J Parkinsons Dis. 2019;9(3):501–15. https://doi.org/10.3233/JPD-191683 . (PMID: 10.3233/JPD-191683312824276700650)
Patel R, Kompoliti K. Sex and Gender Differences in Parkinson's Disease. Neurol Clin. 2023;41(2):371–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ncl.2022.12.001 . (PMID: 10.1016/j.ncl.2022.12.00137030964)
Vaidya B, Dhamija K, Guru P, Sharma SS. Parkinson's disease in women: Mechanisms underlying sex differences. Eur J Pharmacol. 2021;895:173862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173862 . (PMID: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.17386233450279)
Gan-Or Z, Leblond CS, Mallett V, Orr-Urtreger A, Dion PA, Rouleau GA. LRRK2 mutations in Parkinson disease; a sex effect or lack thereof? A meta-analysis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2015;21(7):778–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.05.002 . (PMID: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.05.00225962553)
Dahodwala N, Shah K, He Y, Wu SS, Schmidt P, Cubillos F, Willis AW. Sex disparities in access to caregiving in Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2018;90(1):e48–54. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000004764 . (PMID: 10.1212/WNL.00000000000047642919658010681055)
Picillo M, LaFontant DE, Bressman S, Caspell-Garcia C, Coffey C, Cho HR, Burghardt EL, Dahodwala N, Saunders-Pullman R, Tanner CM, Amara AW, Parkinson's Progression Markers, I. Sex-Related Longitudinal Change of Motor, Non-Motor, and Biological Features in Early Parkinson's Disease. J Parkinsons Dis. 2022;12(1):421–36. https://doi.org/10.3233/JPD-212892 . (PMID: 10.3233/JPD-212892347440528842783)
Georgiev D, Hamberg K, Hariz M, Forsgren L, Hariz GM. Gender differences in Parkinson's disease: A clinical perspective. Acta Neurol Scand. 2017;136(6):570–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/ane.12796 . (PMID: 10.1111/ane.1279628670681)
Ortega RA, Wang C, Raymond D, Bryant N, Scherzer CR, Thaler A, Alcalay RN, West AB, Mirelman A, Kuras Y, Marder KS, Giladi N, Ozelius LJ, Bressman SB, Saunders-Pullman R. Association of Dual LRRK2 G2019S and GBA Variations With Parkinson Disease Progression. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(4):e215845. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.5845 . (PMID: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.5845338815318060834)
Lin CR, Rosendale N, Deeb W. Expanding sexual and gender minority research in movement disorders: More than awareness and acceptance. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2021;87:162–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.05.019 . (PMID: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.05.01934088617)
Angelopoulou E, Paudel YN, Papageorgiou SG, Piperi C. Environmental Impact on the Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Parkinson's Disease Pathogenesis: A Narrative Review. Brain Sci. 2022;12(2) https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12020175 .
Tanner CM, Kamel F, Ross GW, Hoppin JA, Goldman SM, Korell M, Marras C, Bhudhikanok GS, Kasten M, Chade AR, Comyns K, Richards MB, Meng C, Priestley B, Fernandez HH, Cambi F, Umbach DM, Blair A, Sandler DP, Langston JW. Rotenone, paraquat, and Parkinson's disease. Environ Health Perspect. 2011;119(6):866–72. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1002839 . (PMID: 10.1289/ehp.1002839212699273114824)
Paul KC, Krolewski RC, Lucumi Moreno E, Blank J, Holton KM, Ahfeldt T, Furlong M, Yu Y, Cockburn M, Thompson LK, Kreymerman A, Ricci-Blair EM, Li YJ, Patel HB, Lee RT, Bronstein J, Rubin LL, Khurana V, Ritz B. A pesticide and iPSC dopaminergic neuron screen identifies and classifies Parkinson-relevant pesticides. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):2803. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38215-z . (PMID: 10.1038/s41467-023-38215-z3719369210188516)
Li S, Ritz B, Gong Y, Cockburn M, Folle AD, Del Rosario I, Yu Y, Zhang K, Castro E, Keener AM, Bronstein J, Paul KC. Proximity to residential and workplace pesticides application and the risk of progression of Parkinson's diseases in Central California. Sci Total Environ. 2023;864:160851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160851 . (PMID: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.16085136526213)
Liu M, Shin EJ, Dang DK, Jin CH, Lee PH, Jeong JH, Park SJ, Kim YS, Xing B, Xin T, Bing G, Kim HC. Trichloroethylene and Parkinson's Disease: Risk Assessment. Mol Neurobiol. 2018;55(7):6201–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-017-0830-x . (PMID: 10.1007/s12035-017-0830-x29270919)
Goldman SM, Weaver FM, Stroupe KT, Cao L, Gonzalez B, Colletta K, Brown EG, Tanner CM. Risk of Parkinson Disease Among Service Members at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune. JAMA Neurol. 2023;80(7):673–81. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.1168 . (PMID: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.11683718484810186205)
Ritz B, Lee PC, Hansen J, Lassen CF, Ketzel M, Sorensen M, Raaschou-Nielsen O. Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Parkinson's Disease in Denmark: A Case-Control Study. Environ Health Perspect. 2016;124(3):351–6. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409313 . (PMID: 10.1289/ehp.140931326151951)
Karakis I, Yarza S, Zlotnik Y, Ifergane G, Kloog I, Grant-Sasson K, Novack L. Contribution of Solar Radiation and Pollution to Parkinson's Disease. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(3) https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032254 .
Cole-Hunter T, Zhang J, So R, Samoli E, Liu S, Chen J, Strak M, Wolf K, Weinmayr G, Rodopolou S, Remfry E, de Hoogh K, Bellander T, Brandt J, Concin H, Zitt E, Fecht D, Forastiere F, Gulliver J, et al. Long-term air pollution exposure and Parkinson's disease mortality in a large pooled European cohort: An ELAPSE study. Environ Int. 2023;171:107667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2022.107667 . (PMID: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.10766736516478)
Yuan X, Yang Y, Liu C, Tian Y, Xia D, Liu Z, Pan L, Xiong M, Xiong J, Meng L, Zhang Z, Ye K, Jiang H, Zhang Z. Fine Particulate Matter Triggers alpha-Synuclein Fibrillization and Parkinson-like Neurodegeneration. Mov Disord. 2022;37(9):1817–30. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.29181 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.2918136054165)
Rumrich IK, Lin J, Korhonen A, Frohn LM, Geels C, Brandt J, Hartikainen S, Hanninen O, Tolppanen AM. Long-term exposure to low-level particulate air pollution and Parkinson's disease diagnosis - A Finnish register-based study. Environ Res. 2023;229:115944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.115944 . (PMID: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.11594437086879)
De Miranda BR, Goldman SM, Miller GW, Greenamyre JT, Dorsey ER. Preventing Parkinson's Disease: An Environmental Agenda. J Parkinsons Dis. 2022;12(1):45–68. https://doi.org/10.3233/JPD-212922 . (PMID: 10.3233/JPD-212922347194348842749)
Whiteneck GG, Cuthbert JP, Corrigan JD, Bogner JA. Prevalence of Self-Reported Lifetime History of Traumatic Brain Injury and Associated Disability: A Statewide Population-Based Survey. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2016;31(1):E55–62. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000140 . (PMID: 10.1097/HTR.000000000000014025931187)
Acosta SA, Tajiri N, de la Pena I, Bastawrous M, Sanberg PR, Kaneko Y, Borlongan CV. Alpha-synuclein as a pathological link between chronic traumatic brain injury and Parkinson's disease. J Cell Physiol. 2015;230(5):1024–32. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.24830 . (PMID: 10.1002/jcp.24830252510174328145)
Jafari S, Etminan M, Aminzadeh F, Samii A. Head injury and risk of Parkinson disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mov Disord. 2013;28(9):1222–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.25458 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.2545823609436)
Kenborg L, Rugbjerg K, Lee PC, Ravnskjaer L, Christensen J, Ritz B, Lassen CF. Head injury and risk for Parkinson disease: results from a Danish case-control study. Neurology. 2015;84(11):1098–103. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000001362 . (PMID: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000001362256814534371406)
Bruce HJ, Tripodis Y, McClean M, Korell M, Tanner CM, Contreras B, Gottesman J, Kirsch L, Karim Y, Martin B, Palmisano J, Abdolmohammadi B, Shih LC, Stein TD, Stern RA, Adler CH, Mez J, Nowinski C, McKee AC, Alosco ML. American Football Play and Parkinson Disease Among Men. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(8):e2328644. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.28644 . (PMID: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.286443756641210422187)
Gardner RC, Burke JF, Nettiksimmons J, Goldman S, Tanner CM, Yaffe K. Traumatic brain injury in later life increases risk for Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol. 2015;77(6):987–95. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.24396 . (PMID: 10.1002/ana.24396257269364447556)
Rugbjerg K, Ritz B, Korbo L, Martinussen N, Olsen JH. Risk of Parkinson's disease after hospital contact for head injury: population based case-control study. BMJ. 2008;337:a2494. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2494 . (PMID: 10.1136/bmj.a2494190749442603581)
Ilmaniemi S, Tolppanen AM, Herukka SK, Hartikainen P, Hartikainen S. Incidence and outcomes of head injuries in people with and without Parkinson disease. Eur J Neurol. 2023;30(6):1648–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.15782 . (PMID: 10.1111/ene.1578236912420)
Hughes KC, Gao X, Kim IY, Wang M, Weisskopf MG, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A. Intake of dairy foods and risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2017;89(1):46–52. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000004057 . (PMID: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000004057285962095496517)
Olsson E, Byberg L, Hoijer J, Kilander L, Larsson SC. Milk and Fermented Milk Intake and Parkinson's Disease: Cohort Study. Nutrients. 2020;12(9) https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092763 .
Domenighetti C, Sugier PE, Ashok Kumar Sreelatha A, Schulte C, Grover S, Mohamed O, Portugal B, May P, Bobbili DR, Radivojkov-Blagojevic M, Lichtner P, Singleton AB, Hernandez DG, Edsall C, Mellick GD, Zimprich A, Pirker W, Rogaeva E, Lang AE, et al. Dairy Intake and Parkinson's Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Mov Disord. 2022;37(4):857–64. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.28902 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.2890234997937)
Jimenez-Jimenez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, Garcia-Martin E, Agundez JAG. Alcohol consumption and risk for Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol. 2019;266(8):1821–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-018-9032-3 . (PMID: 10.1007/s00415-018-9032-330155737)
Shao C, Wang X, Wang P, Tang H, He J, Wu N. Parkinson's Disease Risk and Alcohol Intake: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. Front Nutr. 2021;8:709846. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.709846 . (PMID: 10.3389/fnut.2021.709846347226048551485)
Kim IY, Yang TO, Heath AK, Simpson RF, Reeves GK, Green J, Floud S, Brown A, Hunter DJ, Beral V, Sweetland S, Million Women Study, C. Alcohol intake and Parkinson's disease risk in the million women study. Mov Disord. 2020;35(3):443–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.27933 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.2793331769113)
Peters S, Gallo V, Vineis P, Middleton LT, Forsgren L, Sacerdote C, Sieri S, Kyrozis A, Chirlaque MD, Zamora-Ros R, Hansson O, Petersson J, Katzke V, Kuhn T, Mokoroa O, Masala G, Ardanaz E, Panico S, Bergmann MM, et al. Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Parkinson's Disease: Data From a Large Prospective European Cohort. Mov Disord. 2020;35(7):1258–63. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.28039 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.28039323572707496254)
Kim R, Yoo D, Jung YJ, Han K, Lee JY. Sex differences in smoking, alcohol consumption, and risk of Parkinson's disease: A nationwide cohort study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2020;71:60–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.12.006 . (PMID: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.12.00631882374)
Aune D, Schlesinger S, Mahamat-Saleh Y, Zheng B, Udeh-Momoh CT, Middleton LT. Diabetes mellitus, prediabetes and the risk of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 cohort studies with 29.9 million participants and 86,345 cases. Eur J Epidemiol. 2023;38(6):591–604. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-023-00970-0 . (PMID: 10.1007/s10654-023-00970-03718579410232631)
Chohan H, Senkevich K, Patel RK, Bestwick JP, Jacobs BM, Bandres Ciga S, Gan-Or Z, Noyce AJ. Type 2 Diabetes as a Determinant of Parkinson's Disease Risk and Progression. Mov Disord. 2021;36(6):1420–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.28551 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.28551336829379017318)
Cullinane PW, de Pablo Fernandez E, Konig A, Outeiro TF, Jaunmuktane Z, Warner TT. Type 2 Diabetes and Parkinson's Disease: A Focused Review of Current Concepts. Mov Disord. 2023;38(2):162–77. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.29298 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.2929836567671)
Nam GE, Kim SM, Han K, Kim NH, Chung HS, Kim JW, Han B, Cho SJ, Yu JH, Park YG, Choi KM. Metabolic syndrome and risk of Parkinson disease: A nationwide cohort study. PLoS Med. 2018;15(8):e1002640. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002640 . (PMID: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002640301303766103502)
Athauda D, Evans J, Wernick A, Virdi G, Choi ML, Lawton M, Vijiaratnam N, Girges C, Ben-Shlomo Y, Ismail K, Morris H, Grosset D, Foltynie T, Gandhi S. The Impact of Type 2 Diabetes in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord. 2022;37(8):1612–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.29122 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.29122356992449543753)
Fang F, Zhan Y, Hammar N, Shen X, Wirdefeldt K, Walldius G, Mariosa D. Lipids, Apolipoproteins, and the Risk of Parkinson Disease. Circ Res. 2019;125(6):643–52. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.314929 . (PMID: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.31492931382822)
Fu X, Wang Y, He X, Li H, Liu H, Zhang X. A systematic review and meta-analysis of serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in patients with Parkinson's disease. Lipids Health Dis. 2020;19(1):97. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-020-01284-w . (PMID: 10.1186/s12944-020-01284-w324300167236933)
Paul KC, Chuang YH, Shih IF, Keener A, Bordelon Y, Bronstein JM, Ritz B. The association between lifestyle factors and Parkinson's disease progression and mortality. Mov Disord. 2019;34(1):58–66. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.27577 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.27577306537346544143)
Reichmann H, Csoti I, Koschel J, Lorenzl S, Schrader C, Winkler J, Wullner U. Life style and Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2022;129(9):1235–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-022-02509-1 . (PMID: 10.1007/s00702-022-02509-135606622)
Kim IY, O'Reilly EJ, Hughes KC, Gao X, Schwarzschild MA, Hannan MT, Betensky RA, Ascherio A. Integration of risk factors for Parkinson disease in 2 large longitudinal cohorts. Neurology. 2018;90(19):e1646–53. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000005473 . (PMID: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000005473296430815952970)
Dominguez-Baleon C, Ong JS, Scherzer CR, Renteria ME, Dong X. Understanding the effect of smoking and drinking behavior on Parkinson's disease risk: a Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):13980. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93105-y . (PMID: 10.1038/s41598-021-93105-y342341898263722)
Mappin-Kasirer B, Pan H, Lewington S, Kizza J, Gray R, Clarke R, Peto R. Tobacco smoking and the risk of Parkinson disease: A 65-year follow-up of 30,000 male British doctors. Neurology. 2020;94(20):e2132–8. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000009437 . (PMID: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000009437323714507526668)
Carvajal-Oliveros A, Dominguez-Baleon C, Sanchez-Diaz I, Zambrano-Tipan D, Hernandez-Vargas R, Campusano JM, Narvaez-Padilla V, Reynaud E. Parkinsonian phenotypes induced by Synphilin-1 expression are differentially contributed by serotonergic and dopaminergic circuits and suppressed by nicotine treatment. PLoS One. 2023;18(3):e0282348. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282348 . (PMID: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282348368573849977059)
Olsen AL, Clemens SG, Feany MB. Nicotine-Mediated Rescue of alpha-Synuclein Toxicity Requires Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2 in Drosophila. Mov Disord. 2023;38(2):244–55. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.29283 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.2928336416213)
Mannett BT, Capt BC, Pearman K, Buhlman LM, VandenBrooks JM, Call GB. Nicotine Has a Therapeutic Window of Effectiveness in a Drosophila melanogaster Model of Parkinson's Disease. Parkinsons Dis. 2022;2022:9291077. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9291077 . (PMID: 10.1155/2022/9291077358448339286976)
Biswas S, Bagchi A. Study of the Effects of Nicotine and Caffeine for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2023;195(1):639–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-022-04155-5 . (PMID: 10.1007/s12010-022-04155-536121634)
Chen SQ, Wang ZS, Ma YX, Zhang W, Lu JL, Liang YR, Zheng XQ. Neuroprotective Effects and Mechanisms of Tea Bioactive Components in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules. 2018;23(3) https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23030512 .
Ikram M, Park TJ, Ali T, Kim MO. Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Effects of Caffeine against Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease: Insight into the Role of Nrf-2 and A2AR Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020;9(9) https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9090902 .
Manalo RVM, Medina PMB. Caffeine Protects Dopaminergic Neurons From Dopamine-Induced Neurodegeneration via Synergistic Adenosine-Dopamine D2-Like Receptor Interactions in Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Neurosci. 2018;12:137. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2018.00137 . (PMID: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00137295638625845907)
Bakshi R, Macklin EA, Hung AY, Hayes MT, Hyman BT, Wills AM, Gomperts SN, Growdon JH, Ascherio A, Scherzer CR, Schwarzschild MA. Associations of Lower Caffeine Intake and Plasma Urate Levels with Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease in the Harvard Biomarkers Study. J Parkinsons Dis. 2020;10(2):505–10. https://doi.org/10.3233/JPD-191882 . (PMID: 10.3233/JPD-191882322503207416447)
Crotty GF, Maciuca R, Macklin EA, Wang J, Montalban M, Davis SS, Alkabsh JI, Bakshi R, Chen X, Ascherio A, Astarita G, Huntwork-Rodriguez S, Schwarzschild MA. Association of caffeine and related analytes with resistance to Parkinson disease among LRRK2 mutation carriers: A metabolomic study. Neurology. 2020;95(24):e3428–37. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000010863 . (PMID: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000010863329990567836665)
Fujimaki M, Saiki S, Li Y, Kaga N, Taka H, Hatano T, Ishikawa KI, Oji Y, Mori A, Okuzumi A, Koinuma T, Ueno SI, Imamichi Y, Ueno T, Miura Y, Funayama M, Hattori N. Serum caffeine and metabolites are reliable biomarkers of early Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2018;90(5):e404–11. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000004888 . (PMID: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000004888292988525791797)
Takeshige-Amano H, Saiki S, Fujimaki M, Ueno SI, Li Y, Hatano T, Ishikawa KI, Oji Y, Mori A, Okuzumi A, Tsunemi T, Daida K, Ishiguro Y, Imamichi Y, Nanmo H, Nojiri S, Funayama M, Hattori N. Shared Metabolic Profile of Caffeine in Parkinsonian Disorders. Mov Disord. 2020;35(8):1438–47. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.28068 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.28068323572607496239)
Hong CT, Chan L, Bai CH. The Effect of Caffeine on the Risk and Progression of Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2020;12(6) https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061860 .
Crotty GF, Schwarzschild MA. Chasing Protection in Parkinson's Disease: Does Exercise Reduce Risk and Progression? Front Aging Neurosci. 2020;12:186. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2020.00186 . (PMID: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00186326367407318912)
Fang X, Han D, Cheng Q, Zhang P, Zhao C, Min J, Wang F. Association of Levels of Physical Activity With Risk of Parkinson Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e182421. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2421 . (PMID: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2421306461666324511)
Patterson CG, Joslin E, Gil AB, Spigle W, Nemet T, Chahine L, Christiansen CL, Melanson E, Kohrt WM, Mancini M, Josbeno D, Balfany K, Griffith G, Dunlap MK, Lamotte G, Suttman E, Larson D, Branson C, McKee KE, et al. Study in Parkinson's disease of exercise phase 3 (SPARX3): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2022;23(1):855. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-022-06703-0 . (PMID: 10.1186/s13063-022-06703-0362032149535216)
Schenkman M, Moore CG, Kohrt WM, Hall DA, Delitto A, Comella CL, Josbeno DA, Christiansen CL, Berman BD, Kluger BM, Melanson EL, Jain S, Robichaud JA, Poon C, Corcos DM. Effect of High-Intensity Treadmill Exercise on Motor Symptoms in Patients With De Novo Parkinson Disease: A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol. 2018;75(2):219–26. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.3517 . (PMID: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.351729228079)
Hughes KC, Gao X, Molsberry S, Valeri L, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A. Physical activity and prodromal features of Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2019;93(23):e2157–69. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000008567 . (PMID: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000008567317191366937486)
De Miguel, Z., Khoury, N., Betley, M. J., Lehallier, B., Willoughby, D., Olsson, N., Yang, A. C., Hahn, O., Lu, N., Vest, R. T., Bonanno, L. N., Yerra, L., Zhang, L., Saw, N. L., Fairchild, J. K., Lee, D., Zhang, H., McAlpine, P. L., Contrepois, K., . . . Wyss-Coray, T. (2021). Exercise plasma boosts memory and dampens brain inflammation via clusterin. Nature, 600(7889), 494-499. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04183-x. (PMID: 10.1038/s41586-021-04183-x348804989721468)
Darweesh SKL, De Vries NM, Helmich RC, Verbeek MM, Schwarzschild MA, Bloem BR. Inhibition of Neuroinflammation May Mediate the Disease-Modifying Effects of Exercise: Implications for Parkinson's Disease. J Parkinsons Dis. 2022;12(5):1419–22. https://doi.org/10.3233/JPD-223216 . (PMID: 10.3233/JPD-223216354669579398068)
Alcalay RN, Gu Y, Mejia-Santana H, Cote L, Marder KS, Scarmeas N. The association between Mediterranean diet adherence and Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2012;27(6):771–4. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.24918 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.24918223147723349773)
Maraki MI, Yannakoulia M, Stamelou M, Stefanis L, Xiromerisiou G, Kosmidis MH, Dardiotis E, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Sakka P, Anastasiou CA, Simopoulou E, Scarmeas N. Mediterranean diet adherence is related to reduced probability of prodromal Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2019;34(1):48–57. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.27489 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.2748930306634)
Yin W, Lof M, Pedersen NL, Sandin S, Fang F. Mediterranean Dietary Pattern at Middle Age and Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Swedish Cohort Study. Mov Disord. 2021;36(1):255–60. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.28314 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.2831433078857)
Metcalfe-Roach A, Yu AC, Golz E, Cirstea M, Sundvick K, Kliger D, Foulger LH, Mackenzie M, Finlay BB, Appel-Cresswell S. MIND and Mediterranean Diets Associated with Later Onset of Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord. 2021;36(4):977–84. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.28464 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.28464334041188248352)
Molsberry S, Bjornevik K, Hughes KC, Healy B, Schwarzschild M, Ascherio A. Diet pattern and prodromal features of Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2020;95(15):e2095–108. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000010523 . (PMID: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000010523328173917713746)
Zhang X, Xu J, Liu Y, Chen S, Wu S, Gao X. Diet Quality is Associated with Prodromal Parkinson's Disease Features in Chinese Adults. Mov Disord. 2022;37(12):2367–75. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.29208 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.2920836069990)
Solch RJ, Aigbogun JO, Voyiadjis AG, Talkington GM, Darensbourg RM, O'Connell S, Pickett KM, Perez SR, Maraganore DM. Mediterranean diet adherence, gut microbiota, and Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease risk: A systematic review. J Neurol Sci. 2022;434:120166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2022.120166 . (PMID: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.12016635144237)
Flores-Torres MH, Christine CW, Bjornevik K, Molsberry SA, Hung AY, Healy BC, Blacker D, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A. Long-Term Intake of Folate, Vitamin B6, and Vitamin B12 and the Incidence of Parkinson's Disease in a Sample of U.S. Women and Men. Mov Disord. 2023;38(5):866–79. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.29383 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.2938336938854)
Gao X, Cassidy A, Schwarzschild MA, Rimm EB, Ascherio A. Habitual intake of dietary flavonoids and risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2012;78(15):1138–45. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e31824f7fc4 . (PMID: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31824f7fc4224918713320056)
Zhang X, Molsberry SA, Yeh TS, Cassidy A, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A, Gao X. Intake of Flavonoids and Flavonoid-Rich Foods and Mortality Risk Among Individuals With Parkinson Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study. Neurology. 2022;98(10):e1064–76. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000013275 . (PMID: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000013275350821718967390)
Jeong SM, Jang W, Shin DW. Association of statin use with Parkinson's disease: Dose-response relationship. Mov Disord. 2019;34(7):1014–21. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.27681 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.2768130938893)
Yan J, Qiao L, Tian J, Liu A, Wu J, Huang J, Shen M, Lai X. Effect of statins on Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(12):e14852. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000014852 . (PMID: 10.1097/MD.000000000001485230896628)
Chang YH, Yen SJ, Chang YH, Wu WJ, Lin KD. Pioglitazone and statins lower incidence of Parkinson disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. Eur J Neurol. 2021;28(2):430–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.14542 . (PMID: 10.1111/ene.1454232969141)
Investigators NET, i. P. D. F.-Z. Pioglitazone in early Parkinson's disease: a phase 2, multicentre, double-blind, randomised trial. Lancet Neurol. 2015;14(8):795–803. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(15)00144-1 . (PMID: 10.1016/S1474-4422(15)00144-1)
Rees K, Stowe R, Patel S, Ives N, Breen K, Clarke CE, Ben-Shlomo Y. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as disease-modifying agents for Parkinson's disease: evidence from observational studies. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(11):CD008454. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008454.pub2 .
San Luciano M, Tanner CM, Meng C, Marras C, Goldman SM, Lang AE, Tolosa E, Schule B, Langston JW, Brice A, Corvol JC, Goldwurm S, Klein C, Brockman S, Berg D, Brockmann K, Ferreira JJ, Tazir M, Mellick GD, et al. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Use and LRRK2 Parkinson's Disease Penetrance. Mov Disord. 2020;35(10):1755–64. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.28189 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.2818932662532)
Brakedal B, Tzoulis C, Tysnes OB, Haugarvoll K. NSAID use is not associated with Parkinson's disease incidence: A Norwegian Prescription Database study. PLoS One. 2021;16(9):e0256602. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256602 . (PMID: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256602344920698423296)
Gabbert C, Konig IR, Luth T, Kolms B, Kasten M, Vollstedt EJ, Balck A, Grunewald A, Klein C, Trinh J. Coffee, smoking and aspirin are associated with age at onset in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. J Neurol. 2022;269(8):4195–203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-022-11041-x . (PMID: 10.1007/s00415-022-11041-x352350009294004)
Gronich N, Abernethy DR, Auriel E, Lavi I, Rennert G, Saliba W. beta2-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists and risk of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2018;33(9):1465–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.108 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.10830311974)
Hopfner F, Hoglinger GU, Kuhlenbaumer G, Pottegard A, Wod M, Christensen K, Tanner CM, Deuschl G. beta-adrenoreceptors and the risk of Parkinson's disease. Lancet Neurol. 2020;19(3):247–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30400-4 . (PMID: 10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30400-431999942)
Hopfner F, Wod M, Hoglinger GU, Blaabjerg M, Rosler TW, Kuhlenbaumer G, Christensen K, Deuschl G, Pottegard A. Use of beta2-adrenoreceptor agonist and antagonist drugs and risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2019;93(2):e135–42. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000007694 . (PMID: 10.1212/WNL.000000000000769431127070)
Saengphatrachai W, Praditukrit K, Owattanapanich W, Pitakpatapee Y, Srivanitchapoom P. The association between developing Parkinson's disease and beta-Adrenoceptor acting agents use: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol Sci. 2021;430:120009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2021.120009 . (PMID: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.12000934598055)
Jiang Z, Gu XJ, Su WM, Duan QQ, Ren YL, Li JR, Chi LY, Wang Y, Cao B, Chen YP. Protective effect of antihypertensive drugs on the risk of Parkinson's disease lacks causal evidence from mendelian randomization. Front Pharmacol. 2023;14:1107248. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2023.1107248 . (PMID: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1107248369091599995445)
Rees K, Stowe R, Patel S, Ives N, Breen K, Ben-Shlomo Y, Clarke CE. Anti-hypertensive drugs as disease-modifying agents for Parkinson's disease: evidence from observational studies and clinical trials. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(11):CD008535. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008535.pub2 .
Ejma M, Madetko N, Brzecka A, Guranski K, Alster P, Misiuk-Hojlo M, Somasundaram SG, Kirkland CE, Aliev G. The Links between Parkinson's Disease and Cancer. Biomedicines. 2020;8(10) https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8100416 .
Lee JYS, Ng JH, Saffari SE, Tan EK. Parkinson's disease and cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis on the influence of lifestyle habits, genetic variants, and gender. Aging (Albany NY). 2022;14(5):2148–73. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.203932 . (PMID: 10.18632/aging.20393235247252)
Zhang P, Liu B. Association between Parkinson's Disease and Risk of Cancer: A PRISMA-compliant Meta-analysis. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2019;10(10):4430–9. https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00498 . (PMID: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b0049831584793)
Zhang X, Guarin D, Mohammadzadehhonarvar N, Chen X, Gao X. Parkinson's disease and cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of over 17 million participants. BMJ Open. 2021;11(7):e046329. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046329 . (PMID: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046329342156048256737)
Cui X, Liew Z, Hansen J, Lee PC, Arah OA, Ritz B. Cancers Preceding Parkinson's Disease after Adjustment for Bias in a Danish Population-Based Case-Control Study. Neuroepidemiology. 2019;52(3-4):136–43. https://doi.org/10.1159/000494292 . (PMID: 10.1159/00049429230661072)
Oh YS, Yoo SW, Lyoo CH, Lee KS, Kim JS. Premorbid cancer and motor reserve in patients with Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):9254. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-13322-x . (PMID: 10.1038/s41598-022-13322-x356607779166748)
Bose A, Petsko GA, Eliezer D. Parkinson's Disease and Melanoma: Co-Occurrence and Mechanisms. J Parkinsons Dis. 2018;8(3):385–98. https://doi.org/10.3233/JPD-171263 . (PMID: 10.3233/JPD-171263299911416130416)
Filippou PS, Outeiro TF. Cancer and Parkinson's Disease: Common Targets, Emerging Hopes. Mov Disord. 2021;36(2):340–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.28425 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.2842533346940)
Krasowska D, Gerkowicz A, Mlak R, Leziak M, Malecka-Massalska T, Krasowska D. Risk of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers and Parkinson's Disease-Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13(4) https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13040587 .
Dube U, Ibanez L, Budde JP, Benitez BA, Davis AA, Harari O, Iles MM, Law MH, Brown KM, Me Research, T, Melanoma-Meta-analysis, C, Cruchaga C. Overlapping genetic architecture between Parkinson disease and melanoma. Acta Neuropathol. 2020;139(2):347–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-019-02110-z . (PMID: 10.1007/s00401-019-02110-z31845298)
Ye Q, Wen Y, Al-Kuwari N, Chen X. Association Between Parkinson's Disease and Melanoma: Putting the Pieces Together. Front Aging Neurosci. 2020;12:60. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2020.00060 . (PMID: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00060322107917076116)
Mahajan A, Chirra M, Dwivedi AK, Sturchio A, Keeling EG, Marsili L, Espay AJ. Skin Cancer May Delay Onset but Not Progression of Parkinson's Disease: A Nested Case-Control Study. Front Neurol. 2020;11:406. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.00406 . (PMID: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00406325474717270344)
Agalliu I, Ortega RA, Luciano MS, Mirelman A, Pont-Sunyer C, Brockmann K, Vilas D, Tolosa E, Berg D, Waro B, Glickman A, Raymond D, Inzelberg R, Ruiz-Martinez J, Mondragon E, Friedman E, Hassin-Baer S, Alcalay RN, Mejia-Santana H, et al. Cancer outcomes among Parkinson's disease patients with leucine rich repeat kinase 2 mutations, idiopathic Parkinson's disease patients, and nonaffected controls. Mov Disord. 2019;34(9):1392–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.27807 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.27807313485496754269)
Waro BJ, Aasly JO. Exploring cancer in LRRK2 mutation carriers and idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Brain Behav. 2018;8(1):e00858. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.858 . (PMID: 10.1002/brb3.85829568677)
Sugier PE, Lucotte EA, Domenighetti C, Law MH, Iles MM, Brown K, Amos C, McKay JD, Hung RJ, Karimi M, Bacq-Daian D, Boland-Auge A, Olaso R, Deleuze JF, Lesueur F, Ostroumova E, Kesminiene A, de Vathaire F, Guenel P, et al. Investigation of Shared Genetic Risk Factors Between Parkinson's Disease and Cancers. Mov Disord. 2023;38(4):604–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.29337 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.293373678829710334300)
Potashkin J, Huang X, Becker C, Chen H, Foltynie T, Marras C. Understanding the links between cardiovascular disease and Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2020;35(1):55–74. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.27836 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.2783631483535)
Zhong Q, Wang S. Association between diabetes mellitus, prediabetes and risk, disease progression of Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci. 2023;15:1109914. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2023.1109914 . (PMID: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.11099143700945910060805)
Sanchez-Gomez A, Diaz Y, Duarte-Salles T, Compta Y, Marti MJ. Prediabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of Parkinson's disease: A population-based cohort study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2021;89:22–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.06.002 . (PMID: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.06.00234216937)
Li X, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. Subsequent risks of Parkinson disease in patients with autoimmune and related disorders: a nationwide epidemiological study from Sweden. Neurodegener Dis. 2012;10(1-4):277–84. https://doi.org/10.1159/000333222 . (PMID: 10.1159/00033322222205172)
Wu MC, Xu X, Chen SM, Tyan YS, Chiou JY, Wang YH, Lin LC, Chen CM, Wei JC. Impact of Sjogren's syndrome on Parkinson's disease: A nationwide case-control study. PLoS One. 2017;12(7):e0175836. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175836 . (PMID: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175836287043975509109)
Chang CC, Lin TM, Chang YS, Chen WS, Sheu JJ, Chen YH, Chen JH. Autoimmune rheumatic diseases and the risk of Parkinson disease: a nationwide population-based cohort study in Taiwan. Ann Med. 2018;50(1):83–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2017.1412088 . (PMID: 10.1080/07853890.2017.141208829224375)
Yeh FC, Chen HC, Chou YC, Lin CL, Kao CH, Lo HY, Liu FC, Yang TY. Positive association of Parkinson's disease with ankylosing spondylitis: a nationwide population-based study. J Transl Med. 2020;18(1):455. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-020-02629-w . (PMID: 10.1186/s12967-020-02629-w332568417708134)
Lee HS, Lobbestael E, Vermeire S, Sabino J, Cleynen I. Inflammatory bowel disease and Parkinson's disease: common pathophysiological links. Gut. 2021;70(2):408–17. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322429 . (PMID: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-32242933067333)
Prigent A, Lionnet A, Durieu E, Chapelet G, Bourreille A, Neunlist M, Rolli-Derkinderen M, Derkinderen P. Enteric alpha-synuclein expression is increased in Crohn's disease. Acta Neuropathol. 2019;137(2):359–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-018-1943-7 . (PMID: 10.1007/s00401-018-1943-730506319)
Lin JC, Lin CS, Hsu CW, Lin CL, Kao CH. Association Between Parkinson's Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a Nationwide Taiwanese Retrospective Cohort Study. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2016;22(5):1049–55. https://doi.org/10.1097/MIB.0000000000000735 . (PMID: 10.1097/MIB.000000000000073526919462)
Park S, Kim J, Chun J, Han K, Soh H, Kang EA, Lee HJ, Im JP, Kim JS. Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Are at an Increased Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A South Korean Nationwide Population-Based Study. J Clin Med. 2019;8(8) https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8081191 .
Peter I, Dubinsky M, Bressman S, Park A, Lu C, Chen N, Wang A. Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy and Incidence of Parkinson Disease Among Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. JAMA Neurol. 2018;75(8):939–46. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.0605 . (PMID: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.0605297103316142934)
Villumsen M, Aznar S, Pakkenberg B, Jess T, Brudek T. Inflammatory bowel disease increases the risk of Parkinson's disease: a Danish nationwide cohort study 1977-2014. Gut. 2019;68(1):18–24. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315666 . (PMID: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-31566629785965)
Weimers P, Halfvarson J, Sachs MC, Saunders-Pullman R, Ludvigsson JF, Peter I, Burisch J, Olen O. Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Parkinson's Disease: A Nationwide Swedish Cohort Study. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2019;25(1):111–23. https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izy190 . (PMID: 10.1093/ibd/izy19029788069)
Wan QY, Zhao R, Wu XT. Older patients with IBD might have higher risk of Parkinson's disease. Gut. 2020;69(1):193–4. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317103 . (PMID: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-31710330518530)
Bullich C, Keshavarzian A, Garssen J, Kraneveld A, Perez-Pardo P. Gut Vibes in Parkinson's Disease: The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2019;6(8):639–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/mdc3.12840 . (PMID: 10.1002/mdc3.12840317454716856467)
Liddle RA. Parkinson's disease from the gut. Brain Res. 2018;1693(Pt B):201–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2018.01.010 . (PMID: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.01.010293604676003841)
Rietdijk CD, Perez-Pardo P, Garssen J, van Wezel RJ, Kraneveld AD. Exploring Braak's Hypothesis of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol. 2017;8:37. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2017.00037 . (PMID: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00037282432225304413)
Liu B, Fang F, Pedersen NL, Tillander A, Ludvigsson JF, Ekbom A, Svenningsson P, Chen H, Wirdefeldt K. Vagotomy and Parkinson disease: A Swedish register-based matched-cohort study. Neurology. 2017;88(21):1996–2002. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000003961 . (PMID: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003961284466535440238)
Svensson E, Horvath-Puho E, Thomsen RW, Djurhuus JC, Pedersen L, Borghammer P, Sorensen HT. Vagotomy and subsequent risk of Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol. 2015;78(4):522–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.24448 . (PMID: 10.1002/ana.2444826031848)
Chandra R, Hiniker A, Kuo YM, Nussbaum RL, Liddle RA. alpha-Synuclein in gut endocrine cells and its implications for Parkinson's disease. JCI Insight. 2017;2(12) https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.92295 .
Hey G, Nair N, Klann E, Gurrala A, Safarpour D, Mai V, Ramirez-Zamora A, Vedam-Mai V. Therapies for Parkinson's disease and the gut microbiome: evidence for bidirectional connection. Front Aging Neurosci. 2023;15:1151850. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2023.1151850 . (PMID: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.11518503732314510261989)
Palacios N, Wilkinson J, Bjornevik K, Schwarzschild MA, McIver L, Ascherio A, Huttenhower C. Metagenomics of the Gut Microbiome in Parkinson's Disease: Prodromal Changes. Ann Neurol. 2023;94(3):486–501. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.26719 . (PMID: 10.1002/ana.2671937314861)
Wallen ZD, Demirkan A, Twa G, Cohen G, Dean MN, Standaert DG, Sampson TR, Payami H. Metagenomics of Parkinson's disease implicates the gut microbiome in multiple disease mechanisms. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):6958. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34667-x . (PMID: 10.1038/s41467-022-34667-x363763189663292)
Scheperjans F, Aho V, Pereira PA, Koskinen K, Paulin L, Pekkonen E, Haapaniemi E, Kaakkola S, Eerola-Rautio J, Pohja M, Kinnunen E, Murros K, Auvinen P. Gut microbiota are related to Parkinson's disease and clinical phenotype. Mov Disord. 2015;30(3):350–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.26069 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.2606925476529)
Keshavarzian A, Green SJ, Engen PA, Voigt RM, Naqib A, Forsyth CB, Mutlu E, Shannon KM. Colonic bacterial composition in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2015;30(10):1351–60. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.26307 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.2630726179554)
Boktor JC, Sharon G, Verhagen Metman LA, Hall DA, Engen PA, Zreloff Z, Hakim DJ, Bostick JW, Ousey J, Lange D, Humphrey G, Ackermann G, Carlin M, Knight R, Keshavarzian A, Mazmanian SK. Integrated Multi-Cohort Analysis of the Parkinson's Disease Gut Metagenome. Mov Disord. 2023;38(3):399–409. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.29300 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.2930036691982)
Hill-Burns EM, Debelius JW, Morton JT, Wissemann WT, Lewis MR, Wallen ZD, Peddada SD, Factor SA, Molho E, Zabetian CP, Knight R, Payami H. Parkinson's disease and Parkinson's disease medications have distinct signatures of the gut microbiome. Mov Disord. 2017;32(5):739–49. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.26942 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.26942281953585469442)
Tan AH, Lim SY, Lang AE. The microbiome-gut-brain axis in Parkinson disease - from basic research to the clinic. Nat Rev Neurol. 2022;18(8):476–95. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-022-00681-2 . (PMID: 10.1038/s41582-022-00681-235750883)
McGee DJ, Lu XH, Disbrow EA. Stomaching the Possibility of a Pathogenic Role for Helicobacter pylori in Parkinson's Disease. J Parkinsons Dis. 2018;8(3):367–74. https://doi.org/10.3233/JPD-181327 . (PMID: 10.3233/JPD-181327299662066130334)
Tan AH, Lim SY, Mahadeva S, Loke MF, Tan JY, Ang BH, Chin KP, Mohammad Adnan AF, Ong SMC, Ibrahim AI, Zulkifli N, Lee JK, Lim WT, Teo YT, Kok YL, Ng TY, Tan AGS, Zulkifle IM, Ng CK, et al. Helicobacter pylori Eradication in Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Mov Disord. 2020;35(12):2250–60. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.28248 . (PMID: 10.1002/mds.2824832894625)
Emmi A, Sandre M, Porzionato A, Antonini A. Smell deficits in COVID-19 and possible links with Parkinson's disease. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2022;165:91–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2022.08.001 . (PMID: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.08.001362089089444897)
Amruta N, Chastain WH, Paz M, Solch RJ, Murray-Brown IC, Befeler JB, Gressett TE, Longo MT, Engler-Chiurazzi EB, Bix G. SARS-CoV-2 mediated neuroinflammation and the impact of COVID-19 in neurological disorders. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2021;58:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.02.002 . (PMID: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.02.002336741857894219)
Ivan I, Irincu L, Diaconu S, Falup-Pecurariu C. Parkinsonism associated with viral infection. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2022;165:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2022.07.005 . (PMID: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.07.00536208896)
Boura I, Chaudhuri KR. Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Related Parkinsonism: The Clinical Evidence Thus Far. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2022;9(5):584–93. https://doi.org/10.1002/mdc3.13461 . (PMID: 10.1002/mdc3.13461356012589111006)
Estupinan D, Nathoo S, Okun MS. The Demise of Poskanzer and Schwab's Influenza Theory on the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Parkinsons Dis. 2013;2013:167843. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/167843 . (PMID: 10.1155/2013/167843238537343693163)
Henry J, Smeyne RJ, Jang H, Miller B, Okun MS. Parkinsonism and neurological manifestations of influenza throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2010;16(9):566–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2010.06.012 . (PMID: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2010.06.012206506724684089)
Smeyne RJ, Noyce AJ, Byrne M, Savica R, Marras C. Infection and Risk of Parkinson's Disease. J Parkinsons Dis. 2021;11(1):31–43. https://doi.org/10.3233/JPD-202279 . (PMID: 10.3233/JPD-202279333616107990414)
Cocoros NM, Svensson E, Szepligeti SK, Vestergaard SV, Szentkuti P, Thomsen RW, Borghammer P, Sorensen HT, Henderson VW. Long-term Risk of Parkinson Disease Following Influenza and Other Infections. JAMA Neurol. 2021;78(12):1461–70. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.3895 . (PMID: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.389534694344)
Wang H, Liu X, Tan C, Zhou W, Jiang J, Peng W, Zhou X, Mo L, Chen L. Bacterial, viral, and fungal infection-related risk of Parkinson's disease: Meta-analysis of cohort and case-control studies. Brain Behav. 2020;10(3):e01549. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.1549 . (PMID: 10.1002/brb3.1549320174537066372)
Parkinson Progression Marker, I. The Parkinson Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI). Prog Neurobiol. 2011;95(4):629–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.09.005 . (PMID: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.09.005)
Sudlow C, Gallacher J, Allen N, Beral V, Burton P, Danesh J, Downey P, Elliott P, Green J, Landray M, Liu B, Matthews P, Ong G, Pell J, Silman A, Young A, Sprosen T, Peakman T, Collins R. UK biobank: an open access resource for identifying the causes of a wide range of complex diseases of middle and old age. PLoS Med. 2015;12(3):e1001779. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001779 . (PMID: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001779258263794380465)
Hoglinger GU, Adler CH, Berg D, Klein C, Outeiro TF, Poewe W, Postuma R, Stoessl AJ, Lang AE. A biological classification of Parkinson's disease: the SynNeurGe research diagnostic criteria. Lancet Neurol. 2024;23(2):191–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(23)00404-0 . (PMID: 10.1016/S1474-4422(23)00404-038267191)
فهرسة مساهمة: Keywords: Epidemiology; Genetics; Parkinson disease; Toxicants
تواريخ الأحداث: Date Created: 20240420 Date Completed: 20240531 Latest Revision: 20240603
رمز التحديث: 20240604
DOI: 10.1007/s11910-024-01339-w
PMID: 38642225
قاعدة البيانات: MEDLINE
الوصف
تدمد:1534-6293
DOI:10.1007/s11910-024-01339-w