دورية أكاديمية
Penciclovir pharmacokinetics after oral and rectal administration of famciclovir in African elephants (Loxodonta africana) shows that effective concentrations can be achieved from rectal administration, despite lower absorption.
| العنوان: | Penciclovir pharmacokinetics after oral and rectal administration of famciclovir in African elephants (Loxodonta africana) shows that effective concentrations can be achieved from rectal administration, despite lower absorption. |
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| المؤلفون: | Griffioen JA; Fort Worth Zoo, Fort Worth, TX., Fayette MA; Indianapolis Zoo, Indianapolis, IN., Proudfoot JS; Indianapolis Zoo, Indianapolis, IN., Howard LL; San Diego Zoo Safari Park, Escondido, CA., Papich MG; Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC. |
| المصدر: | American journal of veterinary research [Am J Vet Res] 2024 May 01; Vol. 85 (7). Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 01 (Print Publication: 2024). |
| نوع المنشور: | Journal Article |
| اللغة: | English |
| بيانات الدورية: | Publisher: American Veterinary Medical Association Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0375011 Publication Model: Electronic-Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1943-5681 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00029645 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am J Vet Res Subsets: MEDLINE |
| أسماء مطبوعة: | Publication: Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association Original Publication: Chicago : American Veterinary Medical Assn. |
| مواضيع طبية MeSH: | Famciclovir*/pharmacokinetics , Famciclovir*/administration & dosage , Elephants*/blood , Antiviral Agents*/pharmacokinetics , Antiviral Agents*/administration & dosage , Antiviral Agents*/blood , Administration, Rectal* , Acyclovir*/pharmacokinetics , Acyclovir*/administration & dosage , Acyclovir*/blood , Acyclovir*/analogs & derivatives, Animals ; Administration, Oral ; Male ; Female ; Guanine/analogs & derivatives ; Guanine/pharmacokinetics ; Guanine/administration & dosage ; Area Under Curve ; Half-Life |
| مستخلص: | Objective: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of famciclovir and its metabolite penciclovir following a single dose administered orally and rectally in African elephants (Loxodonta africana). Animals: 15 African elephants (6 males and 9 females) of various ages. Methods: Famciclovir (15 mg/kg) was administered orally or per rectum once, with at least a three-week washout period between administrations. Blood was collected at 13 different timepoints per administration for 6 elephants, occurring between February and March 2020. An additional 9 elephants were sampled at variable timepoints per administration utilizing a sparse sampling design between July 2020 and January 2021. Plasma famciclovir and penciclovir levels were measured via HPLC and fluorescence detection. Pharmacokinetic analysis was completed in the summer of 2021 using noncompartmental analysis and nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. Results: Famciclovir was not detected in any sample, suggesting complete metabolism. Key pharmacokinetic parameters for penciclovir following oral administration were time to maximum concentration (tmax; 2.12 hours), area under the concentration-versus-time curve (AUC; 33.93 μg·h/mL), maximum observed concentration (Cmax; 3.73 μg/mL), and absorption half-life (t1/2; 0.65 hours). Following rectal administration, the values were: tmax, 0.65 hours; AUC, 15.62 μg·h/mL; Cmax, 2.52 μg/mL; and absorption t1/2, 0.13 hours. Conclusions: Famciclovir was rapidly metabolized to penciclovir. Oral administration resulted in slower absorption but higher maximum plasma concentration and higher AUC compared to rectal administration. Clinical Relevance: African elephants administered famciclovir via oral and rectal routes resulted in measurable serum penciclovir, and these findings may be utilized by clinicians treating viral infections in this species. |
| فهرسة مساهمة: | Keywords: African elephant; Loxodonta africana; elephant endothelial herpesvirus; famciclovir; penciclovir |
| المشرفين على المادة: | QIC03ANI02 (Famciclovir) 0 (Antiviral Agents) 359HUE8FJC (penciclovir) X4HES1O11F (Acyclovir) 5Z93L87A1R (Guanine) |
| تواريخ الأحداث: | Date Created: 20240429 Date Completed: 20240701 Latest Revision: 20240701 |
| رمز التحديث: | 20240702 |
| DOI: | 10.2460/ajvr.24.02.0039 |
| PMID: | 38684186 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | MEDLINE |
Full Text Finder | تدمد: | 1943-5681 |
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| DOI: | 10.2460/ajvr.24.02.0039 |