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The Impact of a Nutritional Intervention on Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Type 2 Diabetes.

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: The Impact of a Nutritional Intervention on Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Type 2 Diabetes.
المؤلفون: Minari TP; Department of Hypertension, State Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil., Manzano CF; Department of Hypertension, State Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil., Tácito LHB; Department of Endocrinology, State Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil., Yugar LBT; School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887, SP, Brazil., Sedenho-Prado LG; School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887, SP, Brazil., Rubio TA; Cardiovascular Pharmacology & Hypertension Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887, SP, Brazil., Pires AC; Department of Endocrinology, State Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil., Vilela-Martin JF; Department of Hypertension, State Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil., Cosenso-Martin LN; Department of Endocrinology, State Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil., Moreno H; Cardiovascular Pharmacology & Hypertension Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887, SP, Brazil., Yugar-Toledo JC; Department of Hypertension, State Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil.
المصدر: Nutrients [Nutrients] 2024 May 01; Vol. 16 (9). Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 01.
نوع المنشور: Journal Article
اللغة: English
بيانات الدورية: Publisher: MDPI Publishing Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101521595 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2072-6643 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20726643 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nutrients Subsets: MEDLINE
أسماء مطبوعة: Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI Publishing
مواضيع طبية MeSH: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*/diet therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*/blood , Glycemic Control*/methods , Blood Glucose*/metabolism, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Aged ; Longitudinal Studies ; Heart Disease Risk Factors ; Glycated Hemoglobin/metabolism ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Aged, 80 and over ; Young Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Adolescent ; Blood Pressure ; Biomarkers/blood ; Waist-Hip Ratio ; Waist Circumference ; Nutrition Therapy/methods
مستخلص: Introduction: Nutritional management plays a crucial role in treating patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), working to prevent and control the progression of chronic non-communicable diseases.
Objectives: To evaluate the effects of individualized nutritional interventions on weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TGs), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR)} over 12 months and subsequently at follow-up (15 months).
Methods: This longitudinal experimental study (without randomization and blinding) enrolled 84 sedentary participants with T2D (both sexes, aged 18-80 years). They were divided into a control group of 40 participants who received only medical consultations, and an intervention group of 44 participants who received the same medical care along with a nutritional assessment. Consultations occurred quarterly from August 2020 to November 2022 (first-twelfth month), with six to nine patients per session. Subsequently, a follow-up was conducted from December 2022 to November 2023, during which the intervention group had only medical care (during the 12th-15th months). Personalized dietary planning was inspired by the Mediterranean/DASH diets adapted to Brazilian foods and socioeconomic cultures.
Statistical Analysis: Normal variables were compared between groups for each time point and also within each group across different time points using a two-way ANOVA (repeated measures for intragroup) followed by the Šídák post hoc test. Non-normal variables were compared between groups for each time point using Kruskal-Wallis followed by the Dunn post hoc test, and within each group across different time points using Friedman followed by the Dunn post hoc test. Data with a Gaussian distribution were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD), and data with a non-Gaussian distribution were presented as median ± interquartile range (IQR). For all cases, α < 0.05 and p < 0.05 were adopted.
Results: In the intervention group, significant reductions were observed between the first and twelfth month for all parameters ( p < 0.05), (except for TC), along with an increase in HDL-C ( p = 0.0105). Conversely, in the control group, there was a significant increase in HbA1c, weight, BMI, FBG, and WHR ( p < 0.05) between the first and twelfth months. Regarding the comparison between groups, there was a significant difference for all analyzed parameters ( p < 0.05) from the first to the twelfth month. In the follow-up, differences were also observed ( p < 0.05), except for BMI ( p > 0.05).
Conclusion: The individualized nutritional intervention improved eating habits, anthropometric, biochemical, and cardiovascular markers in T2D over 12 months, with sustained results during follow-up. The dietary plan inspired by the Mediterranean and DASH diets demonstrated good adaptation to the Brazilian food culture and the patients' socioeconomic contexts. Consistent monitoring and personalized nutritional management are essential for optimizing long-term outcomes. However, more clinical trials are necessary in order to optimize the level of evidence for longitudinal interventions.
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فهرسة مساهمة: Keywords: DASH diet; HDL cholesterol; LDL cholesterol; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; blood glucose; blood pressure; cardiovascular risk markers; hemoglobin glycated; mediterranean diet; nutritional intervention; personalized nutrition; total cholesterol; triglycerides; weight
المشرفين على المادة: 0 (Blood Glucose)
0 (Glycated Hemoglobin)
0 (Biomarkers)
تواريخ الأحداث: Date Created: 20240511 Date Completed: 20240511 Latest Revision: 20240513
رمز التحديث: 20240513
مُعرف محوري في PubMed: PMC11085322
DOI: 10.3390/nu16091378
PMID: 38732624
قاعدة البيانات: MEDLINE
الوصف
تدمد:2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu16091378