Uncovering sources, distribution, and seasonal patterns of trace element deposition: the elemental puzzle of the western Himalayas.

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان:	Uncovering sources, distribution, and seasonal patterns of trace element deposition: the elemental puzzle of the western Himalayas.
المؤلفون:	Dar T; Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, India. tdar@es.iitr.ac.in., Rai N; Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, India., Jahan A; Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, India., Kumar S; Hydrological Investigations Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, 247667, India., Bhat MA; State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China., Ahmad R; Department of Geography and Disaster Management, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India.
المصدر:	Environmental science and pollution research international [Environ Sci Pollut Res Int] 2024 May; Vol. 31 (25), pp. 37196-37214. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 20.
نوع المنشور:	Journal Article
اللغة:	English
بيانات الدورية:	Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 9441769 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1614-7499 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09441344 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Subsets: MEDLINE
أسماء مطبوعة:	Publication: <2013->: Berlin : Springer Original Publication: Landsberg, Germany : Ecomed
مواضيع طبية MeSH:	Trace Elements/analysis , Seasons , Environmental Monitoring* , Air Pollutants*/analysis, Snow/chemistry ; India ; Humans ; Himalayas
مستخلص:	The transport and deposition of atmospheric pollutants in the Himalayas have a adverse impact on the climate, cryosphere, ecosystem, and monsoon patterns. Unfortunately, there is a insufficiency of data on trace element concentrations and behaviors in the high-altitude Himalayan region, leading to limited research in this area. This study presents a comprehensive and detailed comprehension of trace element deposition, its spatial distribution, seasonal variations, and anthropogenic signals in the high-altitude Kashmir region of the Western Himalayas. Our investigation involved the analysis of 10 trace elements (Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) in glacier ice, snow pits, surface snow, and rainwater collected at various sites including Kolahoi, Thajwas, Pahalgam (Greater Himalayan ranges), and Kongdori and Shopian (Pir Panjal Ranges) during 2021. The study reveals distinct ranges of concentrations for the trace elements at different sampling sites. Our analysis of trace element concentration depth profiles in snow pits reveals seasonal fluctuations during the deposition year. The highest concentrations were found in the autumn (below 20 cm) and summer (top layer), compared to the winter concentration (10-20 cm). The high enrichment factors (EFs) suggest the severity of human-induced trace metal deposition in the western Himalayan region, relative to surrounding regions. Surprisingly, the concentrations and EFs of trace elements showed seasonal contradictions, with lower concentration values and higher EFs during the non-monsoon season and vice versa. A source apportionment analysis using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) technique identified five sources of trace element deposition in the region, including crustal sources (32.33%), coal combustion (15.62%), biomass burning (17.63%), traffic emission (18.8%), and industrial sources (15.6%). Additionally, the study incorporated backward trajectories coupled with δ ¹⁸ O using the NOAA HYSPLIT model to estimate moisture sources in the region, which suggests atmospheric pollutants predominately deposited from the large-scale atmospheric circulation from westerlies (75%) during non-monsoon season. These findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced monitoring and research efforts in the future. (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
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فهرسة مساهمة:	Keywords: Seasonal variability; Snow and glacier; Source apportionment; Trace elements; Western Himalayas; Wet deposition fluxes
المشرفين على المادة:	0 (Trace Elements) 0 (Air Pollutants)
تواريخ الأحداث:	Date Created: 20240519 Date Completed: 20240619 Latest Revision: 20240619
رمز التحديث:	20240619
DOI:	10.1007/s11356-024-33601-6
PMID:	38764085
قاعدة البيانات:	MEDLINE

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تدمد:	1614-7499
DOI:	10.1007/s11356-024-33601-6