Interventions to improve executive functions in children aged 3 years and under: A systematic review.

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان:	Interventions to improve executive functions in children aged 3 years and under: A systematic review.
المؤلفون:	Duncan AF; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA., Gerner GJ; Division of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA., Neel ML; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA., Burton VJ; Division of Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA., Byrne R; Cerebral Palsy Foundation, New York, New York, USA., Warschausky S; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
المصدر:	Child: care, health and development [Child Care Health Dev] 2024 Jul; Vol. 50 (4), pp. e13298.
نوع المنشور:	Systematic Review; Journal Article
اللغة:	English
بيانات الدورية:	Publisher: Blackwell Scientific Publications Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 7602632 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1365-2214 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03051862 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Child Care Health Dev Subsets: MEDLINE
أسماء مطبوعة:	Original Publication: Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publications.
مواضيع طبية MeSH:	Executive Function*/physiology, Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Infant ; Child Development/physiology ; Early Intervention, Educational
مستخلص:	Background: Early executive functioning (EF) skills are foundational capabilities that predict school readiness, academic development and psychiatric risk. Early interventions enhancing these capabilities could have critical import in improving outcomes. However, to develop interventions, it is necessary to identify specific EF skills that will vary with child age. Thus, we aimed to examine the characteristics and efficacy of interventions targeting EF in infancy and early childhood up to age 3. Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and APA PsycINFO databases was performed for studies published before December 2022. Randomized and non-randomized studies of interventions designed to improve at least one EF skill in children ≤3 years were included. EF skills included attentional control, inhibition/self-regulation, activity initiation, working memory, cognitive flexibility, planning ability, problem-solving and performance monitoring. We independently extracted data, used the revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool to assess the quality of the evidence and conducted Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM). The overall quality of the evidence and the strength of recommendations was determined using elements of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results: Thirty-five studies met inclusion criteria (original n = 7467). Studies were highly variable in the EF skill targeted, target subject (i.e., child, parent and teacher), nature and dosage of the intervention, and timing of outcome assessment. Most interventions focused on improving impulse control and self-regulation. The overall quality of evidence was low to moderate with a high risk of bias, though six studies had low risk of bias but yielded mixed findings of efficacy. Conclusions: The relatively small number of early EF intervention studies uses such variable methods that there is currently no converging evidence of efficacy to recommend a specific intervention. Thus, findings support the need for a more systematic, targeted approach to the design and implementation of early EF interventions for target populations. (© 2024 The Author(s). Child: Care, Health and Development published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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معلومات مُعتمدة:	Cerebral Palsy Foundation; Mildred E. Swanson Foundation
فهرسة مساهمة:	Keywords: assessment; executive functions; intervention; preschool; toddler
تواريخ الأحداث:	Date Created: 20240703 Date Completed: 20240703 Latest Revision: 20240703
رمز التحديث:	20240703
DOI:	10.1111/cch.13298
PMID:	38958229
قاعدة البيانات:	MEDLINE

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تدمد:	1365-2214
DOI:	10.1111/cch.13298