التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
| العنوان: |
A comparison of tactile, visual, and auditory warnings for rear-end collision prevention in simulated driving. |
| المؤلفون: |
Scott JJ, Gray R, Scott, J J, Gray, Robert |
| المصدر: |
Human Factors; Apr2008, Vol. 50 Issue 2, p264-275, 12p |
| مستخلص: |
Objective: This study examined the effectiveness of rear-end collision warnings presented in different sensory modalities as a function of warning timing in a driving simulator.Background: The proliferation of in-vehicle information and entertainment systems threatens driver attention and may increase the risk of rear-end collisions. Collision warning systems have been shown to improve inattentive and/or distracted driver response time (RT) in rear-end collision situations. However, most previous rear-end collision warning research has not directly compared auditory, visual, and tactile warnings.Method: Sixteen participants in a fixed-base driving simulator experienced four warning conditions: no warning, visual, auditory, and tactile. The warnings activated when the time-to-collision (TTC) reached a critical threshold of 3.0 or 5.0 s. Driver RT was captured from a warning below critical threshold to brake initiation.Results: Drivers with a tactile warning had the shortest mean RT. Drivers with a tactile warning had significantly shorter RT than drivers without a warning and had a significant advantage over drivers with visual warnings.Conclusion: Tactile warnings show promise as effective rear-end collision warnings.Application: The results of this study can be applied to the future design and evaluation of automotive warnings designed to reduce rear-end collisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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