| مستخلص: |
Field experiments were carried out at the field crop research station in Jadriyah, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad, and the Faculty of Agriculture - University of Wasit with the aim of producing a single hybrid of maize characterized by efficient absorption of nitrogen and its utilization in the production of high yield to minimize the damage of nitrogen loss in the environment. The propagation of seeds of the strains was done in the spring and autumn seasons of 2017 in both sites of Baghdad and Wasit and then the strikes were conducted according to the second method of Griffing (1956) mixed model, between six strains of corn (Zin11, Zin6, Zin9, Zin8, Zin4 and Zin19, which are indicated by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively). Hybridization was done manually in the field. The comparison experiment was applied during the spring season of 2018 in Baghdad and Wasit sites, according to the design of the complete randomized block in the order of split plots with three replicates. The main plot included nitrogen fertilization levels (120, 220 and 320 kg N.ha-1) and the secondary plot included the genetic structures (22 genotypes). Six breeds (fathers) and 15 crosses as well as the For at comparison class). The obtained results of the comparison experiment showed that there were significant differences between the levels of nitrogen fertilization. Most of the studied traits increased significantly by increasing the level of nitrogen fertilization from 120 to 320 kg N.ha-1 for both sites. The fertilizer level 320 kg N.ha-1 was exceeded by giving the highest yield of unit area (7.26 and 6.24 mg.ha-1) for both sites respectively and decreased the efficiency of nitrogen absorption (0.94 and 0.78% for the Baghdad and Wasit sites, respectively). The results also showed that there were significant differences between genotypes (strains, cross-strains and comparison class) in all studied traits, and a number of strikes showed a significant hybrid force in the desired direction in the studied traits. Strain 3 and multiplication (5×2) were superior to root length, root weight and grain yield. Per unit area (12.49 and 9.94 Mg.ha-1) in the Baghdad and Wasit sites, respectively, as well as giving it the efficiency of absorption of nitrogen. It can be concluded that strain 3 and genotype (2×5) in both locations were characterized by their large root length and high weight as well as gave high yield and reflected on the efficiency of absorption of nitrogen. Therefore, root qualities can be adopted as one of the effective strategies to reduce the cost of fertilizers and reduce excessive use of fertilizers which damage the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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