التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
| العنوان: |
High interannual surface pCO2 variability in the southern Canadian Arctic Archipelago's Kitikmeot Sea. |
| المؤلفون: |
Sims, Richard P., Ahmed, Mohamed M. M., Butterworth, Brian J., Duke, Patrick J., Gonski, Stephen F., Jones, Samantha F., Brown, Kristina A., Mundy, Christopher J., Williams, William J., Else, Brent G. T. |
| المصدر: |
Ocean Science; 2023, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p837-856, 20p |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: |
ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide, SEA ice, CARBON dioxide, ARCTIC climate, ARCHIPELAGOES, RESEARCH vessels |
| مصطلحات جغرافية: |
ARCTIC regions |
| مستخلص: |
Warming of the Arctic due to climate change means the Arctic Ocean is now free from ice for longer, as sea ice melts earlier and refreezes later. Yet, it remains unclear how this extended ice-free period will impact carbon dioxide (CO 2) fluxes due to scarcity of surface ocean CO 2 measurements. Baseline measurements are urgently needed to understand spatial and temporal air–sea CO 2 flux variability in the changing Arctic Ocean. There is also uncertainty as to whether the previous basin-wide surveys are representative of the many smaller bays and inlets that make up the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). By using a research vessel that is based in the remote Inuit community of Ikaluqtuutiak (Cambridge Bay, Nunavut), we have been able to reliably survey p CO 2 shortly after ice melt and access previously unsampled bays and inlets in the nearby region. Here we present 4 years of consecutive summertime p CO 2 measurements collected in the Kitikmeot Sea in the southern CAA. Overall, we found that this region is a sink for atmospheric CO 2 in August (average of all calculated fluxes over the four cruises was - 4.64 mmol m -2 d -1), but the magnitude of this sink varies substantially between years and locations (average calculated fluxes of + 3.58, - 2.96, - 16.79 and - 0.57 mmol m -2 d -1 during the 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 cruises, respectively). Surface ocean p CO 2 varied by up to 156 µ atm between years, highlighting the importance of repeat observations in this region, as this high interannual variability would not have been captured by sparse and infrequent measurements. We find that the surface ocean p CO 2 value at the time of ice melt is extremely important in constraining the magnitude of the air–sea CO 2 flux throughout the ice-free season. However, further constraining the air–sea CO 2 flux in the Kitikmeot Sea will require a better understanding of how p CO 2 changes outside of the summer season. Surface ocean p CO 2 measurements made in small bays and inlets of the Kitikmeot Sea were ∼ 20–40 µ atm lower than in the main channels. Surface ocean p CO 2 measurements made close in time to ice breakup (i.e. within 2 weeks) were ∼ 50 µ atm lower than measurements made > 4 weeks after breakup. As previous basin-wide surveys of the CAA have focused on the deep shipping channels and rarely measure close to the ice breakup date, we hypothesize that there may be an observational bias in previous studies, leading to an underestimate of the CO 2 sink in the CAA. These high-resolution measurements constitute an important new baseline for gaining a better understanding of the role this region plays in the uptake of atmospheric CO 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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