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Many secondary plant metabolites have significant beneficial effects on human, animal, and plant health. The grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), is an important source of these compounds in the human diet, which is the reason why all positive effects of its consumption have been studied during the past few decades. One of the mentioned compounds is resveratrol. Since its discovery in 1939, its importance has been determined, especially in the prevention and treatment of many cardiovascular conditions, after which anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory effects, and many others were established. Much research has been conducted on this chemical, revealing its benefits and drawbacks. To investigate novel avenues for resveratrol further exploitation, the initial and most important step involves its isolation from botanical sources, after which its content is determined by different chromatographic techniques. The extraction is preceded by sample preparation so the biomolecules stay preserved. During resveratrol extraction from grapes, the quantity of water in the berries must be taken into account. Conversely, drying grape samples can be achieved through various methods, but it can lead to pathogen development, or resveratrol degradation due to inadequate drying temperature. For decades, many techniques have been utilized for resveratrol extraction, which can be classified as conventional or unconventional. The first class of extraction methods includes Soxhlet extraction, solid-phase extraction, maceration, and liquid-liquid extraction, which extensively rely on solvent and time consumption, as well as human engagement. The group of unconventional extraction methods involves enzyme-assisted extraction, QuEChERS extraction, ultrasonication-assisted extraction, and supercritical fluid, which were developed to compensate for the shortcomings of conventional methods and improve the process of resveratrol extraction from the grape matrix. Practically, low-cost approaches with undemanding equipment should be prioritized. To ensure environmental sustainability, it is important to reasonably employ solvent consumption, choose less harmful options, and minimize human engagement while keeping extraction time short. Isolation of resveratrol is successfully finalized when a high extraction yield is achieved, while its verification could be ensured through subsequent chromatographic analysis of gained extracts employing contemporary techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography, tandem mass liquid chromatography, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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