Phytochemical study of the aerial parts of Euphorbia paralias and Euophorbia geniculata belonging to family (Euophorbiaceae) grown in Egypt was carried out. This study revealed the isolation of eighteen compounds: β-amyrin (1), β-sitosterol and Stigmasterol mixture (2 & 3), Cholesterol (4), Campesterol (5), (Erythradiol, Ovaol and Betulinol mixture)( 6-8), 23-acetyl-3- methyl-oleanolic acid (9) and β-Sitosterol–3-O-glucoside (10) were isolated from dichloromethane fraction of E. paralias. While the compounds 1 to 5 and 10 were isolated from E. geniculata. The ethyl acetate fraction of E. paralias L. afforded the isolation of Gallic acid (11), Ellagic acid (12), Querecetin-3-glucopyranoside (13) and Querecetin -3-arabinoside (14), kaempferol-3-(6''-(2'''-galloyl-glucopyranoside) (15). While compounds 11 to 14 in addition to Querecetin-3-rutinoside (rutin) (16), Querecetin-3-rhamnoside (17), and Querecetin (18) were isolated from E. geniculata Ortega. Compound 9 (23-acetyl-3-methyl-oleanolic acid) was isolated for the first time from the nature. Biological activities were carried out including cytotoxic and antiviral and antimicrobial activities of the dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions of the aerial parts of E. paralias L. and E. geniculata Ortega revealing significant antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate fractions of E. paralias L. and E. geniculata Ortega and strong cytotoxic activity of the ethyl acetate fractions in addition to positive antiviral activity of the total extract of E. paralias L.
