The influence of time, soil moisture and exogenous factors on the survival potential of oospores and chlamydospores of Phytophthora cinnamomi
| العنوان: | The influence of time, soil moisture and exogenous factors on the survival potential of oospores and chlamydospores of Phytophthora cinnamomi |
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| المؤلفون: | Giles E. St. J. Hardy, Treena I. Burgess, Andrew H. Grigg, Jamba Gyeltshen, W. Dunstan |
| المصدر: | Forest Pathology. 51 |
| بيانات النشر: | Wiley, 2020. |
| سنة النشر: | 2020 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Ecology, biology, Forestry, 030108 mycology & parasitology, Phytophthora cinnamomi, biology.organism_classification, Soil type, 01 natural sciences, Spore, Chlamydospore, Fungicide, 03 medical and health sciences, Horticulture, Oospore, Water content, 010606 plant biology & botany, Fish emulsion |
| الوصف: | The mode of persistence of Phytophthora cinnamomi, a highly aggressive soil‐ and water‐borne pathogen, remains unclear. This study investigated the survival of viable oospores and chlamydospores of P. cinnamomi when present as free propagules in untreated soil, or in soil subject to four exogenous treatments: smoke water, fish emulsion and two fungicides (ridomil and furalaxyl). The exogenous treatments were applied under moist and dry soil conditions. Spore viability was determined by the thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) staining technique, with a qPCR assay used to compare general patterns of decline. Over 96% of oospores lost viability over a period of 48 weeks irrespective of soil moisture conditions. The mean percentage viability for oospores decreased from 91% at time zero to 72, 35, 20 and 1% after 6, 12, 24 and 48 weeks, respectively. Reduction in viability of chlamydospores was more rapid than oospores, with viability declining from 92% to zero after 12 weeks. There was no significant difference between untreated soil and the exogenous treatments. The RNA‐based qPCR assay indicated a strong presence of viable oospores of P. cinnamomi up to week 12 for moist soil and week 3 for dry soil, but thereafter failed to detect RNA even though viable oospores could be detected by MTT staining. Based on the MTT staining, this study indicated that viability of P. cinnamomi oospores may be entirely lost within 1 year and that of chlamydospores within 3 months for the soil type tested. Therefore, oospores and chlamydospores when existing as free propagules in soil appear unlikely to be involved in the long‐term survival of P. cinnamomi. |
| تدمد: | 1439-0329 1437-4781 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::1ac7d70fb7581a08b62fd486d793f934 https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12637 |
| حقوق: | CLOSED |
| رقم الأكسشن: | edsair.doi...........1ac7d70fb7581a08b62fd486d793f934 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 14390329 14374781 |
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