Indoor positioning using visible light has attracted great attentions in the world. The reported indoor positioning schemes based on visible light are limited by installing multiple LED lamps in the environments. In order to overcome this limitation, we propose a novel indoor positioning system using only one LED lamp, in which a smartphone is used to be receiver to estimate the three-dimension (3-D) position by using the received-signal-strength (RSS) and angle-of-arrival (AOA) positioning algorithm. The proposed system is demonstrated by experiment and the results show that ∼10.2-cm average positioning error is achieved in a 2 m × 2 m × 2.5 m indoor environment.
