Context: Conventional video encoding is a computationally intensive process that requires a lot of computing resources, power and memory. Such codecs cannot be deployed in remote sensors that are constrained in terms of power, memory and computational capabilities. For such applications, distributed video coding might hold the answer. Objective: In this paper, we propose a distributed video coding (DVC) architecture that adheres to the principles of DVC by shifting the computational complexity from the encoder to the decoder and caters to low-motion scenarios like video conferencing and surveillance of hallways and buildings. Method: The architecture presented is block-based and introduces a simple yet effective classification scheme that aims at maximizing the use of skip blocks to exploit temporal correlation between consecutive frames. In addition to the skip blocks, a dynamic GOP size control algorithm is proposed that instantaneously alters the GOP size in response to the video statistics without causing any latency and without the need to buffer additional frames at the encoder. To facilitate real-time video delivery and consumption, iterative channel codes like low density parity check codes and turbo codes are not used and in their place a Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) code with encoder rate control is used. Results: In spite of reducing the complexity and eliminating the feedback channel, the proposed architecture can match and even surpass the performance of current DVC systems making it a viable solution as a codec for low-motion scenarios. Conclusion: We conclude that the proposed architecture is a suitable solution for applications that require real-time, low bit rate video transmission but have constrained resources and cannot support the complex conventional video encoding solutions. Practical implications: The practical implications of the proposed DVC architecture include deployment in remote video sensors like hallway and building surveillance, video conferencing, video sensors that are deployed in remote regions (wildlife surveillance applications), and capsule endoscopy.
