PREVENTION OF POLLUTION DURING OIL TRANSFER OPERATIONS: AN EVALUATION OF USCG PREVENTIVE ACTIONS1
| العنوان: | PREVENTION OF POLLUTION DURING OIL TRANSFER OPERATIONS: AN EVALUATION OF USCG PREVENTIVE ACTIONS1 |
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| المؤلفون: | Kirk R. Karwan, John R. Harrald, Christopher M. Stone |
| المصدر: | International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings. 1977:223-227 |
| بيانات النشر: | International Oil Spill Conference, 1977. |
| سنة النشر: | 1977 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Pollution, Engineering, Waste management, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Monitoring program, Refinery, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Pollution prevention, Oil spill, Petroleum, business, Reporting system, Environmental planning, media_common, Coast guard |
| الوصف: | Durings its journey from a production facility to a refinery, the most probable time for oil to enter the water is during vessel cargo-transfer operations. This paper describes the origins, implementation, and effects of the U.S. Coast Guard's operational and regulatory program designed to prevent oil transfer-related discharges. Statistical data from the USCG Pollution Incident Reporting System (PIRS) is used to measure the effectiveness of these actions. A review is presented of the results of an on-scene transfer monitoring program conducted in 1972 in Seattle, Washington. Coast Guard pollution prevention regulations (33 CFR 154-156) were designated to prevent the occurrence of discharges during transfer operations. An analysis of the effectiveness of these regulations and the present nationwide transfer operations monitoring program is presented. The paper concludes that the Coast Guard preventive program has had a measurable effect on the incidence of transfer-related pollution incidents. |
| تدمد: | 2169-3358 2169-3366 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::4ffc5852ff7061ac0d1e4c3e733ffe56 https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1977-1-223 |
| رقم الأكسشن: | edsair.doi...........4ffc5852ff7061ac0d1e4c3e733ffe56 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 21693358 21693366 |
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