| الوصف: |
The steppe zone has always attracted people with its resources, despite the fact that it is a zone of risky agriculture. In this research we discovered that soil water balance under the spring soft wheat was negative most of the time of the vegetation period in the Rebrikhinsky district of the Altai Region, and soil moisture consumption during the observation period depends on the technology options and an average values was in the range from 100.9 mm to 131.9 mm. An average soil moisture consumption was 42.5% of spring moisture reserves. In the plots where autumn soil cultivation was not carried out, the average water consumption for the vegetation period was 41.7% of the spring moisture reserves, while in those plots where it was 43.2%, i.e., only 1.5% more. The absence of both autumn and spring tillage led to the consumption of 38.8% moisture from spring soil moisture reserves during the growing season. In the case when only spring tillage was carried out, this value was 44.7%, and if both cultivations were carried out - 43.2%. The difference in the sowing rates practically did not affect the total moisture consumption from the soil, it amounted to 42.2-42.8% of the spring moisture reserves. The maximum difference in water consumption was found when comparing the equipment used for spring tillage and sowing. So, when using Catros and DMC-9000, respectively, an average of 47.5% of spring moisture reserves was spent during the growing season, while using Russian-made equipment – KPE-3,8 or BDM-6*4 and SZP-3.6А, it was 38.9%. The moisture reserves in the meter soil layer decreased in direct proportion to the increase in average plant height. Key words: Spring soft wheat; Cultivation technologies; Soil water balance; Altai Region References Agroclimatic resources of Altai Region (1971). Leningrad, Hydrometeorological. (In Russian). Belyaev, V., Grunwald, L., Meinel, T., Schmidt, G., Bondarovich, A.A., Scherbinin, V.V., Ponkina, E.V., Harlamova, N.F., Matsyura, A.V., Stephan, E., Illiger, P., Kozhanov, N.A., Rudev, N.V. (2016). Soil water regime and crop yields in relation to various technologies of cultivation in the Kulunda Steppe (Altai Krai). Vestnik of Dnipropetrovsk University, 24(2), 531-539. (In Russian). http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/201653 Bischoff, N., Mikutta, R., Shibistova, O., Puzanov, A., Reichert, E., Silanteva, M., Grebennikova, A., Schaarschmidt, F., Heinicke, S. and Guggenberger, G. (2016). Land-use change under different climatic conditions: Consequence for organic matter and microbial communities in Siberian steppe soils. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 235, 253-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.10.022 Dospekhov, B.A. (1979). Methodology of field experiment (With the basics of statistical processing of research results). Moskow, Kolos. (In Russian). Meissner, R., Bondarovich, A.A., Scherbinin, V.V., Ponkina, E.V., Matsyura, A.V., Puzanov, A.V., Rupp, H., Schmidt, G., Stefan, E., Illiger, P., Fruauf, M., Kharlamova, N.F., Galakhov, V.P., Balykin, D.V., Rudev, N.V. (2016). Calculation of water balance for the south desert area of Western Siberia by international monitoring network data. Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University, 6(2), 223-238. (In Russian). http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/201652 Motuzova, G.V., Bezuglova, O.S. (2007). Ecological monitoring of soils. Moskow, Gaudeamus. (In Russian). Norton, L.R. (2016). Is it time for a socio-ecological revolution in agriculture? Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 235, 13-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.10.007 Panov N.I. (2017). Agroforestry (landscape-cluster) management of the hydrological regime of territories, agroecosystems of basin landscapes and the improvement of the human environment in the arid steppe subregion. Bulletin of the Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, V. 19, 2(3), 496-506. (In Russian). Schmidt, G., Bondarovich, A.A., Scherbinin, V.V., Ponkina, E.V., Harlamova, N.F., Matsyura, A.V., Stephan, E., Illiger, P., Rudev, N.V., Kozhanov, N.A. (2016). Results of operation of the international agricultural-meteorological and soil-hydrological monitoring network in Kulunda plain (south of Western Siberia, 2013-2015). Acta Biologica Sibirica, 2(2), 89-102. (In Russian). http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/abs.v2i2.1424 Tsvetkov, M.L. (2010). Water regime of the soil of a grain-fallow crop rotation while minimizing the main cultivation under the conditions of the Altai Priobye. Bulletin of Altai State Agricultural University, 7(69), 35-39. (In Russian). |
