Deep brain stimulation (DBS) and vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) are forms of electrical neuromodulation that elicit a downstream neurological change to the brainstem and midbrain via central and peripheral approaches. Despite the critical role of the brainstem/midbrain and the vagus nerve in regulating voice and swallowing function, there has been little systemic study on the effects of neurostimulation on the larynx.
