Cancer research is moving at a startling pace, most particularly with the identification and characterization of molecular signatures and biomarkers that will be used for prevention, early detection, diagnosis, treatment, prediction, and prognostication. The goal of cancer therapy is to match the right treatment with the right patient. To this end, several clinical trials are now employing patient stratification using “Massive Parallel Sequencing” or informally called “Next -Generation Sequencing” (NGS) to identify clinically actionable targets in real time.