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Cet article a pour objectif principal de mettre en lumi��re le nouvel accord de B��le 4, dont l���ex��cution de ses recommandations s�����talera sur une p��riode de 11 ans (2017-2028), ainsi que ses enjeux et perspectives apr��s trois d��cennies de mise en ��uvre de la r��glementation b��loise (depuis 1988). Le contexte de cette recherche vient particuli��rement apr��s la survenance de la crise financi��re des subprimes en 2007 et plus qu���une d��cennie plus tard la crise sanitaire survenue fin 2019 qui ont mis les quatre coins du monde dans une tourmente interminable. Dans un environnement incertain et en perp��tuel changement, l�����diction des r��gles prudentielles a pour but de renforcer le syst��me bancaire international pour l���ensemble des banques ayant une activit�� internationale significative. ��tant donn�� que le syst��me financier international doit s���adapter imp��rativement �� tout changement fondamental, les turbulences ��conomiques de l���apr��s-crise mondiale de 2007 ont amen�� les r��gulateurs internationaux �� imposer de nouvelles contraintes r��glementaires dites Accord de B��le 4. Toutefois, la pand��mie de Coronavirus a ��merg�� �� la fin de 2019, chose qui a donn�� lieu �� un nouveau calendrier r��glementaire et qui a impos�� de nouvelles mesures et de nouvelles implications pour les banques. A quelques mois du d��but d���ex��cution de cette r��forme (pr��vue initialement en janvier 2022 et report��e jusqu���en 2023 en raison de la crise sanitaire), nous nous int��resserons au cours de cet article �� ��claircir les modifications qu���a apport��es ce nouvel accord de B��le en montrant son apport et impact sur le syst��me financier au vu des circonstances ��conomiques internationales actuelles particuli��rement apr��s la propagation de Covid-19 qui a impact�� et boulevers�� l�����conomie mondiale. N��anmoins, l���enjeu est majeur pour les banques, essentiellement parce qu���une crise financi��re mondiale pourrait survenir dans le futur proche. Mots-cl��s : Crise des subprimes, R��glementation prudentielle, Comit�� de B��le, Accord de B��le IV, Covid-19. Classification JEL : G39 Type de l���article : Article th��orique
The main objective of this article is to highlight the new Basel Accord 4, whose implementation of his recommendations will be spread over a period of 11 years (2017-2028) as well as its challenges and prospects after three decades of implementation of Basel regulations (since 1988). The context of this research comes particularly after the occurrence of subprime financial crisis in 2007 and also the health crisis that occurred at the end of 2019 which put the four corners of the world in endless turmoil. In an uncertain and constantly changing environment, the purpose of enacting prudential rules is to strengthen the international banking system for all banks with significant international activity. Since the international financial system must be adapted imperatively to any fundamental change, the economic turmoil of the post-global crisis of 2007 led international regulators to impose new regulatory constraints known as the Basel Accord 4. However, the Covid-19 pandemic emerged at the end of 2019, which gave rise to a new regulatory timetable and which imposed new measures and new implications for banks. A few months before the start of implementation of this reform (initially planned for January 2022 and postponed until 2023 due to the health crisis), in this article we will focus on clarifying the changes made by this new Basel Accord by showing its contribution and impact on the financial system in view of the current international economic circumstances, particularly after the spread of Covid-19 which has impacted and disrupted the global economy. Nevertheless, the stakes are high for the banks, mainly because a global financial crisis could arise in the near future. Keywords: Subprime Crisis, Prudential regulation, Basel Committee, Basel IV Accord, Covid-19. JEL Classification: G39 Paper type: Theoritical research |
