Nowadays, The coming acceleration of global population ageing. When people get older, the importance of implants is emphasized. Dental implants have a crucial effect on life satisfaction. Many techniques have already been developed it. However, those still required many procedures. Shin et al suggested the new model based on MA. The electrochemical nanopattern formation (ENF) model takes out lots of steps when it is made. It is very simple because it only removes TiO2 NT layers. Interestingly, we investigated many studies, this simple model did not distinguish the other commercial models. Surface modification by ENF process improved the osteogenic differentiation in cells. It did not limit the cells. In vivo study, ENF also promoted the bone to implant connectivity. The ENF technique used for the new substitute.
