Objective To evaluate the prevalence of preoperative anemia and its effect on oncological outcomes in patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) due to bladder cancer. Materials and method Retrospective single-center study with 176 RCs between May 2008 and July 2018. Anemia was defined according to the WHO classification (male Results Overall, 89 (50.6%) patients had preoperative anemia, and 44 of them (49.4%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Anemic patients resulted in higher rates of ASA (ASA > 2: 54.6 vs. 27.5%; P = .003), ectasia rate previous to RC (41.6 vs. 19.5%; P = .002), treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (49.4 vs. 19.5%; P 2 and N ≥ 1 were independently associated with overall mortality. Conclusion Preoperative anemia was common in patients undergoing RC for bladder cancer, and it is related with a worse cancer prognosis. Anemia is a preoperative modifiable factor; we believe that the implementation of Patient Blood Management programs during prehabilitation may have a relevant role in improving the oncological outcomes in these patients.
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