Localization of nerve entry points and the center of intramuscular nerve-dense regions in the adult pectoralis major and pectoralis minor and its significance in blocking muscle spasticity
| العنوان: | Localization of nerve entry points and the center of intramuscular nerve-dense regions in the adult pectoralis major and pectoralis minor and its significance in blocking muscle spasticity |
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| المؤلفون: | Meng Wang, Xiankun Zhu, Yanrong Li, Shaohua Tang, Shengbo Yang |
| المصدر: | Journal of Anatomy |
| سنة النشر: | 2021 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | 0301 basic medicine, Adult, Histology, Computed tomography, Xiphisternal joint, Pectoralis Muscles, nerve entry point, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cadaver, Medicine, Humans, Spasticity, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Original Paper, center of intramuscular nerve‐dense region, medicine.diagnostic_test, Staining and Labeling, business.industry, target localization, Cell Biology, Anatomy, Original Papers, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Muscle Spasticity, Pectoralis Minor, medicine.symptom, Reference line, business, pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Developmental Biology |
| الوصف: | The aims of this study were to localize the body surface position and depth of nerve entry points, and the center of the intramuscular nerve‐dense regions of the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor in order to provide guidance for blocking muscle spasticity. Formalin‐fixed adult cadavers (66.3 ± 5.2 years) were used. The curved line on the skin from the acromion to the most inferior point of the jugular notch was defined as the horizontal reference line (H). The line from the most inferior point of the jugular notch to the xiphisternal joint was defined as the longitudinal reference line (L). The nerve entry points was anatomically exposed. Sihler's staining, barium sulfate labeling, and computed tomography were employed to determine the projection points (P) on the body surface. The intersection of the longitudinal line through the P point and the H line and the horizontal line through the P point and the L line were recorded as PH and PL, respectively. The projection of the nerve entry points or the center of the intramuscular nerve‐dense regions were in the opposite direction across the transverse plane and were recorded as P'. The percentage positions of PH and PL on the H and L lines, as well as the nerve entry points and the center of the intramuscular nerve‐dense regions depths, were determined using the Syngo system. The pectoralis major had two nerve entry points, while the pectoralis minor had only one. In addition, two intramuscular nerve‐dense regions were found in the pectoralis major, while only one region was found in the pectoralis minor. The PH of the nerve entry points were located at 47.83%, 32.31%, and 34.31%, while the PH of the center of the intramuscular nerve‐dense regions were at 41.95%, 55.88%, and 32.58% of line H, respectively. The PL of the nerve entry points were at −9.84%, 36.16%, and 2.44%, while the PL for each of three center of the intramuscular nerve‐dense regions was at −3.87%, 25.29%, and −7.13% of line L, respectively. The depth for each of the nerve entry points was at 17.76%, 17.53%, and 25.51% of line P‐P′’, respectively, and the depth of the center of the intramuscular nerve‐dense regions was at 5.23%, 6.75%, and 13.73% of line P‐P′, respectively. These percentage values are all means. The definition of the surface position and depth of these nerve entry points and center of the intramuscular nerve‐dense regions can improve the localization efficiency and efficacy of target blocking for pectoralis major and minor spasticity. After the three primary branches of the lateral pectoral nerve entered the pectoralis major muscle, two branches ran vertically with the muscle fibers in the clavicular part of the pectoralis major muscle, and their arborized branches anastomosed with each other and formed an intramuscular nerve‐dense region. The other primary nerve branch ran to the center of the sternal part of the pectoralis major muscle, and its arborized branches were sent out, which were anastomosed with the branches of medial pectoral nerve, to form another intramuscular nerve‐dense region. |
| تدمد: | 1469-7580 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::0114b6a251ca26664f5640db392f94a6 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34176122 |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الأكسشن: | edsair.doi.dedup.....0114b6a251ca26664f5640db392f94a6 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 14697580 |
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