Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Comprehensive Smoke-Free Legislation in Indoor Public Places in Shanghai, China
| العنوان: | Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Comprehensive Smoke-Free Legislation in Indoor Public Places in Shanghai, China |
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| المؤلفون: | Fan Wang, Yanxia Wei, Hua Fu, Yitian Feng, Jingyi He, Pinpin Zheng, Ron Borland |
| المصدر: | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Volume 16 Issue 20 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 16, Iss 20, p 4019 (2019) |
| سنة النشر: | 2019 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | China, Restaurants, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, lcsh:Medicine, Legislation, PM2.5, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, compliance, Tobacco smoke, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Third-hand smoke, SHS, 0302 clinical medicine, Government regulation, comprehensive smoke-free law, Environmental health, Shanghai china, 030212 general & internal medicine, Toilet Facilities, Secondhand smoke, Smoke free legislation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Air Pollutants, Post implementation, indoor public places, lcsh:R, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Air Pollution, Indoor, Government Regulation, Particulate Matter, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Environmental Monitoring |
| الوصف: | This study evaluated compliance with the comprehensive smoke-free law in public indoor places introduced in Shanghai in March 2017. Observations and PM2.5 monitoring over 30 min intervals in 8 types of the venue were conducted three times: within a month before implementation and 3- and 12-months post implementation. Observations of evidence of smoking decreased from 66.2% before legislation to 52.8% three months after (p = 0.002) and 49.7% one year after (p < 0.001). The density of lit cigarettes also reduced significantly after implementation (p < 0.001). When adjusting for outdoor, indoor PM2.5 levels were significantly lower after the legislation, but only by a small amount (three months later: &minus 0.27, p = 0.08 one year later: &minus 0.12 p = 0.03). Evidence of compliance was weakest in farmer&rsquo s markets and bars, and smoking in male toilets did not change significantly. The reduction in smoking was affected by the management performance of their obligations. The comprehensive smoke-free law led to modest reductions in smoking and PM2.5 levels as a result, but from levels suggesting quite high levels of pre-compliance. However, compliance was limited in some areas, suggesting more effort is required on management to gain better compliance in some places like farmer&rsquo s markets, bars, and toilets. |
| وصف الملف: | application/pdf |
| تدمد: | 1660-4601 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::0c80e1f1b286cfc188d63aef9903a475 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31640111 |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الأكسشن: | edsair.doi.dedup.....0c80e1f1b286cfc188d63aef9903a475 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 16604601 |
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