NOD2 and reproduction-associated NOD-like receptors have been lost during the evolution of pangolins
| العنوان: | NOD2 and reproduction-associated NOD-like receptors have been lost during the evolution of pangolins |
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| المؤلفون: | Erwin Tschachler, Margarita Salova, Wolfgang Sipos, Leopold Eckhart |
| المصدر: | Immunogenetics |
| بيانات النشر: | Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2021. |
| سنة النشر: | 2021 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Gene loss, Pseudogene, NLRP10, Immunology, NLR Proteins, Biology, Pyrin domain, NOD2, Zoonosis, Dogs, NLRC4, Genetics, Animals, Pangolins, Innate immunity, Inflammation, Mammals, Comparative genomics, Innate immune system, Reproduction, Pangolin, biology.organism_classification, Immunity, Innate, NLRP, Original Article, NAIP |
| الوصف: | NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are sensors of pathogen-associated molecular patterns with critical roles in the control of immune responses and programmed cell death. Recent studies have revealed inter-species differences in mammalian innate immune genes and a particular degeneration of nucleic acid sensing pathways in pangolins, which are currently investigated as potential hosts for zoonotic pathogens. Here, we used comparative genomics to determine which NLR genes are conserved or lost in pangolins and related mammals. We show that NOD2, which is implicated in sensing bacterial muramyl dipeptide and viral RNA, is a pseudogene in pangolins, but not in any other mammalian species investigated. NLRC4 and NAIP are absent in pangolins and canine carnivorans, suggesting convergent loss of cytoplasmic sensing of bacterial flagellin in these taxa. Among NLR family pyrin domain containing proteins (NLRPs), skin barrier-related NLRP10 has been lost in pangolins after the evolutionary divergence from Carnivora. Strikingly, pangolins lack all NLRPs associated with reproduction (germ cells and embryonic development) in other mammals, i.e., NLRP2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, and 14. Taken together, our study shows a massive degeneration of NLR genes in pangolins and suggests that these endangered mammals may have unique adaptations of innate immunity and reproductive cell biology. |
| تدمد: | 1432-1211 0093-7711 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::0e65d4d2d28d8bb8e83e0bb03eb416d6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-021-01230-9 |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الأكسشن: | edsair.doi.dedup.....0e65d4d2d28d8bb8e83e0bb03eb416d6 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
Find this article in full text from Springer Verlag. | تدمد: | 14321211 00937711 |
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