Neurometabolic alterations in the nucleus accumbens of smokers assessed with 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy: The role of glutamate and neuroinflammation
| العنوان: | Neurometabolic alterations in the nucleus accumbens of smokers assessed with 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy: The role of glutamate and neuroinflammation |
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| المؤلفون: | Lea M. Hulka, Anke Henning, Andreas Hock, Erich Seifritz, Colette A. Steinegger, Niklaus Zoelch, Marcus Herdener, Etna J.E. Engeli |
| المصدر: | Addiction Biology |
| بيانات النشر: | Wiley, 2021. |
| سنة النشر: | 2021 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Pharmacology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Glutamate receptor, Medicine (miscellaneous), Craving, Nucleus accumbens, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Glutamine, 03 medical and health sciences, Psychiatry and Mental health, Glutamatergic, 0302 clinical medicine, Nicotine withdrawal, Endocrinology, Glutamate homeostasis, Internal medicine, medicine, medicine.symptom, Prefrontal cortex, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| الوصف: | Tobacco use is one of the leading causes of premature death and morbidity worldwide. For smokers trying to quit, relapse rates are high, even after prolonged periods of abstinence. Recent findings in animal models highlight the role of alterations in glutamatergic projections from the prefrontal cortex onto the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in relapse vulnerability. Moreover, inflammatory responses in the NAc have been reported during withdrawal. A novel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) protocol was applied in humans to measure molar concentrations for glutamate, its sum with glutamine (Glx), and myoinositol plus glycine (mI + Gly) in the NAc (19 smokers, 20 matched controls). Smokers were measured at baseline and during withdrawal and satiation. No difference between groups or smoking states was found for glutamate or Glx, but, in smokers, stronger craving and more severe nicotine dependence were associated with lower baseline glutamate and Glx levels, respectively. Interestingly, mI + Gly concentrations were higher during withdrawal than baseline and correlated negatively with nicotine dependence severity and pack years of smoking. The lack of glutamatergic changes between groups and smoking states may imply that glutamate homeostasis is not significantly altered in smokers or that changes are too small for detection by 1H-MRS. Moreover, the observed increase in mI + Gly may imply that neuroinflammatory processes occur in the NAc during nicotine withdrawal. These findings shed light on neurobiological relapse mechanisms in smokers and may provide the opportunity to develop more effective treatment options targeting the glutamate and neuroinflammation system. |
| تدمد: | 1369-1600 1355-6215 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::1229bb329990a22283364e0d910c5a12 https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.13027 |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الأكسشن: | edsair.doi.dedup.....1229bb329990a22283364e0d910c5a12 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 13691600 13556215 |
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