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Natural resources, especially agrarian soils, have been much contaminated with various pollutants including heavy metals since industrial revolution, so it is pertinent to utilize green technology, the so-called phytoremediation technology for reclamation of heavy metal-contaminated soils. A pot experiment was conducted to screen four different species (Brassica juncea, Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica campestris) of Brassicaceae family for the remediation of HMs contaminated soil of Lakki Marwat city, Pakistan, irrigated with municipal wastewater. Plants were analyzed for various morpho-physiological, biochemical, and phytoextraction factors like bioaccumulation (BAF) and translocation factor (TF). Results showed maximum morpho-physiological responses including seed germination, chlorophyll content, root fresh and dry weights, and shoot fresh and dry weights in B. juncea followed by B. napus, B. campestris, and B. rapa. Plant biochemical analyses of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) also exhibited maximum activity in B. juncea followed by B. napus, B. campestris, and B. rapa, respectively, in both control and contaminated soils. Conversely, plant oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H |
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