Parent-of-origin differences in DNA methylation of X chromosome genes in T lymphocytes
| العنوان: | Parent-of-origin differences in DNA methylation of X chromosome genes in T lymphocytes |
|---|---|
| المؤلفون: | Yuichiro Itoh, Youstina Salama, Rhonda R. Voskuhl, Sonia Iyengar, Lisa C. Golden, Arthur P. Arnold, Noriko Itoh, Patrick Coit, Amr H. Sawalha |
| المصدر: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| سنة النشر: | 2019 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | 0301 basic medicine, sex differences, Biology, global DNA methylation, medicine.disease_cause, Autoimmunity, Transcriptome, X chromosome, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immunology and Inflammation, Gene expression, Genotype, medicine, Gene, Genetics, Multidisciplinary, autoimmunity, CD28, Biological Sciences, parental imprinting, 030104 developmental biology, PNAS Plus, DNA methylation, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| الوصف: | Significance Sex differences are naturally occurring disease modifiers that, if understood, could lead to novel targets for drug development. Autoimmune diseases are more prevalent in women than in men, and sex differences in immune responses have been shown in humans and mice. Here, we discover a global parent-of-origin difference in DNA methylation on the X chromosome that affects gene expression in activated CD4+ T lymphocytes. The paternal X has more methylation than the maternal X, with higher expression of X genes in XY cells since they only express from the maternal X. Thus, parent-of-origin differences in DNA methylation of X genes can play a role in sex differences in immune responses. Many autoimmune diseases are more frequent in females than in males in humans and their mouse models, and sex differences in immune responses have been shown. Despite extensive studies of sex hormones, mechanisms underlying these sex differences remain unclear. Here, we focused on sex chromosomes using the “four core genotypes” model in C57BL/6 mice and discovered that the transcriptomes of both autoantigen and anti-CD3/CD28 stimulated CD4+ T lymphocytes showed higher expression of a cluster of 5 X genes when derived from XY as compared to XX mice. We next determined if higher expression of an X gene in XY compared to XX could be due to parent-of-origin differences in DNA methylation of the X chromosome. We found a global increase in DNA methylation on the X chromosome of paternal as compared to maternal origin. Since DNA methylation usually suppresses gene expression, this result was consistent with higher expression of X genes in XY cells because XY cells always express from the maternal X chromosome. In addition, gene expression analysis of F1 hybrid mice from CAST × FVB reciprocal crosses showed preferential gene expression from the maternal X compared to paternal X chromosome, revealing that these parent-of-origin effects are not strain-specific. SJL mice also showed a parent-of-origin effect on DNA methylation and X gene expression; however, which X genes were affected differed from those in C57BL/6. Together, this demonstrates how parent-of-origin differences in DNA methylation of the X chromosome can lead to sex differences in gene expression during immune responses. |
| تدمد: | 1091-6490 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::3916b5ebe77715d210a55638d63d8d8e https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31822606 |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الأكسشن: | edsair.doi.dedup.....3916b5ebe77715d210a55638d63d8d8e |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 10916490 |
|---|